Ég tek sólgleraugun með mér ef sólin skín.

Tek is the present tense of taka (to take): ég tek = I take.

In Icelandic, the present tense is very often used for future meaning when the context makes the time clear. Because the sentence has a condition introduced by ef (if), Icelandic does not need a separate future form here.

So this sentence can naturally mean something like:

• I take the sunglasses with me if the sun shines
• I’ll take the sunglasses with me if the sun is shining

That is completely normal Icelandic usage.

Sólgleraugun means the sunglasses.

It is a compound word:

• sól = sun
• gleraugu = glasses / spectacles

So sólgleraugu literally means something like sun-glasses.

Like English glasses and sunglasses, Icelandic gleraugu is normally plural in form. So even when you mean one pair, Icelandic still uses the plural word.

That final -n is the suffixed definite article, meaning the.

So:

• sólgleraugu = sunglasses
• sólgleraugun = the sunglasses

Icelandic usually adds the onto the end of the noun instead of putting a separate word before it.

Because the base word already ends in -u, adding the definite ending gives the final form -un.

It is the direct object of tek, so it is in the accusative.

However, with this noun, the accusative plural looks the same as the nominative plural, so you do not see a visible change here.

So grammatically it is the object of the verb, even though the form itself does not obviously change.

Because after the preposition með in this sentence, Icelandic uses the pronoun form mér.

Compare:

• ég = I
• mig = me (accusative)
• mér = me (dative)

So:

• með mér = with me

Ég is only the subject form, so it cannot be used after a preposition here.

It means with me or along with me.

That makes the meaning more specific: not just I take the sunglasses, but I take the sunglasses with me / bring them along.

Without með mér, the sentence could sound more like:

• I take the sunglasses
• I pick up the sunglasses
• I put on / use the sunglasses

With með mér, the idea is clearly bringing them along.

Sólin is the definite form and means the sun.

In Icelandic, just like in English, the sun is usually treated as definite in ordinary statements:

• sól = sun
• sólin = the sun

So sólin skín means the sun shines / the sun is shining.

Also, sólin is the subject of skín, so it is in the nominative.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Skín is the present tense of skína (to shine), and Icelandic does not have a separate progressive form like English is shining.

So sólin skín can mean:

• the sun shines
• the sun is shining

In this sentence, English might translate it as either if the sun shines or if the sun is shining.

Yes. You can also say:

Ef sólin skín, tek ég sólgleraugun með mér.

That is very natural.

Notice the word order in the main clause after the initial ef clause:

• tek ég ...

This happens because Icelandic is a V2 language, which means the finite verb usually comes in the second position in main clauses.

So:

• Ég tek ... ef sólin skín.
• Ef sólin skín, tek ég ...

Both are correct.

Because this sentence describes a real or open condition: if the sun shines, I take/I’ll take the sunglasses with me.

In that kind of condition, Icelandic normally uses ef with the indicative:

• ef sólin skín = if the sun shines

If you wanted a more hypothetical or less real situation, Icelandic could use different tense/mood choices. But in this sentence, the speaker is talking about a normal possible situation, so the indicative is the expected form.

Not if it is reflexive.

With I, Icelandic uses the ordinary pronoun:

• Ég tek sólgleraugun með mér. = I take the sunglasses with me.

But in the third person, Icelandic often uses the reflexive pronoun:

• Hann tekur sólgleraugun með sér. = He takes the sunglasses with him.
• Hún tekur sólgleraugun með sér. = She takes the sunglasses with her.

So this sentence is also a useful example of the fact that Icelandic has a special reflexive form in the third person, but not in the first person.