Við borðum brauð með osti í hádeginu.

Because borðum is the 1st person plural present-tense form of the verb að borða (to eat).

The present-tense forms are:

• ég borða — I eat
• þú borðar — you eat
• hann/hún/það borðar — he/she/it eats
• við borðum — we eat
• þið borðið — you all eat
• þeir/þær/þau borða — they eat

So við borðum means we eat.

Brauð is the direct object of the verb borðum, so it is in the accusative case.

However, brauð is a neuter noun, and in this noun the nominative and accusative singular look the same. So even though it is accusative here, the form is still brauð.

That is very common in Icelandic, especially with many neuter nouns.

Because the preposition með normally takes the dative case when it means with in the sense of accompaniment.

The noun is ostur (cheese), but its dative singular form is osti.

So:

• ostur — nominative
• osti — dative

That is why the sentence has með osti.

Yes, very much so.

In this sentence, með osti tells you what accompanies the bread: bread with cheese.

It can be understood much like English with cheese. Icelandic uses með very often in this same way.

Because í hádeginu is a very common expression meaning at lunchtime or at noon, and hádeginu is in the dative singular definite form.

Here is the breakdown:

• hádegi = noon / midday / lunchtime
• hádeginu = the noon / the lunchtime, in the dative

After í in a time expression like this, Icelandic uses the dative. So:

• í hádeginu = at lunchtime / at noon

This is a set phrase you will see often.

That ending is part of the definite article attached to the noun.

In Icelandic, the word the is usually not separate. Instead, it is added to the end of the noun.

So:

• hádegi = noon / lunchtime
• hádegið = the noon / the lunchtime
• í hádeginu = at the noon / at lunchtime

The exact shape of the ending changes depending on gender, number, and case. Here it is dative singular definite, so the form becomes hádeginu.

Because Icelandic usually does not use a separate word like English the. Instead, definiteness is often shown by attaching an ending to the noun.

In this sentence, brauð is indefinite, so it just stays brauð.

If you wanted the bread, Icelandic would typically say brauðið.

So:

• brauð = bread
• brauðið = the bread

Yes. Icelandic word order is flexible, although not completely free.

The basic order here is:

• Við borðum brauð með osti í hádeginu.
• We eat bread with cheese at lunchtime.

But you could move the time phrase to the front:

• Í hádeginu borðum við brauð með osti.

That still means the same thing, but it gives a little more focus to at lunchtime.

One important thing to notice: when something comes first, the finite verb often stays in second position. So you get:

• Í hádeginu
  • borðum
    • við

This is a key Icelandic pattern.

No. It is capitalized here only because it is the first word of the sentence.

Normally it is written við, not Við.

Also, be careful: við can mean different things depending on context.

For example:

• við = we as a pronoun
• við can also appear in other contexts with different meanings, but in this sentence it is clearly the pronoun we

A rough guide for an English speaker is:

• Við ≈ vith or with with a voiced th
• borðum ≈ BOR-thum
• brauð ≈ something like broyth
• með ≈ meth with a voiced th
• osti ≈ OS-ti
• í ≈ ee
• hádeginu ≈ HOW-they-yi-nu or HOW-dey-yi-nu depending on speaker

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• ð is often like the th in this
• þ is like the th in thin
• au in brauð is not like English aw; it is closer to öy/oy
• Stress in Icelandic usually falls on the first syllable

They are, but there is a helpful rule for í:

• í + dative usually means in/at a place or time, with no motion into it
• í + accusative often means into, with motion toward the inside of something

Here, í hádeginu is a time expression, not motion, so the dative is used.

So this sentence uses í in the sense of at lunchtime, which is why you get hádeginu.

Usually it sounds like a general or habitual statement: We eat bread with cheese at lunchtime.

The Icelandic present tense often works like the English simple present in that way.

Depending on context, it could also describe what is happening now, but without extra context most learners should understand it as a normal present-tense statement about a routine or usual action.