Skjalið er undirritað.

The document is signed.

Breakdown of Skjalið er undirritað.

• vera: to be
• skjalið: the document
• undirritaður: signed

Questions & Answers about Skjalið er undirritað.

What does the ending -ið on Skjalið indicate, and what is the base form?

• -ið is the suffixed definite article for neuter singular nouns.
• The base form is skjal (neuter). So:
  • Indefinite: skjal
  • Definite: skjalið
• Useful forms:
  • Nominative/accusative plural: skjöl
  • Definite plural: skjölin

Why is it undirritað and not undirritaður or undirrituð?

• The past participle used as a predicative adjective agrees with the subject in gender and number.
• Skjal is neuter singular, so the correct form is neuter nominative singular: undirritað.
• Other nominative forms:
  • Masculine singular: undirritaður (e.g., Samningurinn er undirritaður)
  • Feminine singular: undirrituð (e.g., Tilkynningin er undirrituð)
  • Neuter plural: undirrituð (e.g., Skjölin eru undirrituð)
  • Masculine plural: undirritaðir; Feminine plural: undirritaðar

Is er + past participle a passive, and what nuance does it have?

• Yes. Vera + past participle (here er undirritað) is the “stative passive”: it describes the resulting state (the document stands in a signed state).