Ég sé snjóinn á fjallinu.

I see the snow on the mountain.

Breakdown of Ég sé snjóinn á fjallinu.

• ég: I
• sjá: to see
• á: on
• fjallið: the mountain
• snjóinn: the snow

Questions & Answers about Ég sé snjóinn á fjallinu.

Why is the verb sé used here instead of sjá or sjái?

sé is the first-person singular present indicative of the irregular strong verb sjá (to see). The full present conjugation is:
• Ég sé
• Þú sérð
• Hann/hún/það sér
• Við sjáum
• Þið sjáið
• Þeir/þær/þau sjá
You wouldn’t use sjá (the infinitive) or sjái (the subjunctive) to express “I see.”

Why does snjóinn end with -inn and not just snjór or snjó?

The suffix -inn is the postpositive definite article in Icelandic.
• snjór = “snow” (indefinite nominative)
• snjó = “snow” (indefinite accusative, as a direct object)
• snjóinn = “the snow” (definite accusative)
Here snjóinn is definite because it refers to specific snow, and it’s accusative because it’s the object of sé.

What case is fjallinu in and how can I recognize it?

fjallinu is the dative definite singular of the neuter noun fjall (mountain). The preposition á when used for static location (“on something”) requires the dative. Neuter strong nouns form the definite dative singular with -inu, so fjall → fjalli → fjallinu.

Could I say á fjalli instead of á fjallinu, and what would be the difference?

Yes.
• á fjalli = “on a mountain” (indefinite dative)
• á fjallinu = “on the mountain” (definite dative)
Use the definite form when you mean a particular mountain both speaker and listener know about.

Why is the preposition á used here and not í or another preposition?

In Icelandic, á is used with surfaces or open areas to mean “on” (e.g. á borði, “on a table”; á fjalli, “on a mountain”). í is used for enclosed spaces (“in”), like í húsinu (“in the house”). Since you’re talking about standing on top of the mountain, á is the correct choice.

Could I use ég er að sjá instead of ég sé for a continuous sense?

Yes. ég er að sjá literally means “I am in the process of seeing” or “I happen to see right now,” emphasizing the action as ongoing or newly noticed. ég sé is the simple present tense “I see” without that nuance.

Where is the Icelandic equivalent of the English word “the” in this sentence?

Icelandic doesn’t use a separate word for “the.” Instead, the definite article is attached as a suffix to the noun (e.g. -inn, -in, -ið). In snjóinn and fjallinu, the endings -inn and -inu serve as the English “the.”