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Glugginn er opinn.

Glugginn er opinn.
The window is open.
FromLesson 6inHardcore Icelandic

Breakdown of Glugginn er opinn.

vera
to be
opinn
open
glugginn
the window

Questions & Answers about Glugginn er opinn.

Why does glugginn end with -inn?

In Icelandic, definiteness is marked by a suffix rather than a separate word. For masculine nouns, you add -inn to the base form.
• gluggi = “window” (indefinite)
• glugginn = “the window” (definite)

Why isn’t there an article like a or the before glugginn?
Icelandic does not use separate articles. Indefiniteness is just the bare noun (gluggi = “a window”), and definiteness is shown by adding a suffix (glugginn = “the window”).
Why is the adjective opinn and not opin or opið?

Adjectives in Icelandic agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they describe. Here glugginn is masculine singular nominative, so you use the masculine form opinn.
• Feminine: opin (e.g. hurðin er opin – “the door is open”)
• Neuter: opið (e.g. gluggið er opið – “the window is open”)

Why isn’t opinn changed to a definite form (like opni) since glugginn is definite?
When an adjective is used predicatively (after vera, “to be”), it does not take the definite adjective ending. Predicative adjectives always stay in their indefinite (strong) form, even if the noun is definite.
How do you pronounce Glugginn er opinn.?

Stress is on the first syllable of glugginn and on opinn:
• GLUG-ginn er O-pin(n)
Phonetically: /ˈklʏɣkɪn ɛr ˈɔːpɪn/

Why do we need the verb er? Couldn’t we say just Glugginn opinn?
In Icelandic, you need a linking verb (usually vera, here er = “is”) between the subject and a predicative adjective. Omitting it would be ungrammatical.
Why is er placed second in the sentence? Isn’t Icelandic strictly SVO like English?
Icelandic main clauses follow the V2 rule: the finite verb must be the second constituent. Here the order is Subject (Glugginn) – Verb (er) – Complement (opinn). You could front something else (e.g. Í dag er glugginn opinn, “Today the window is open”), but er remains in position two.
Is opinn a participle or an adjective? Is it related to English open?
opinn is originally the past passive participle of opna (“to open”) but is fully lexicalized as an adjective meaning “open.” It’s cognate with English open and behaves like a regular adjective in agreement.
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