Learn Hardcore Icelandic: Ég borða brauð.

Icelandic doesn’t have an indefinite article like "a" in English, and when talking about general, unspecific bread, the noun brauð is used without any article.

Is Ég borða in the present tense, and does it also cover the “-ing” form like “I am eating”?

Yes, Ég borða is in the present tense. Icelandic uses the simple present tense for both habitual actions ("I eat bread") and ongoing actions ("I am eating bread"), so you don’t need a separate "-ing" form.

Why is Ég capitalized? Is it like the English pronoun “I”?

In Icelandic, ég is not always capitalized in the middle of a sentence. It only appears capitalized here because it’s the first word in the sentence. Unlike English, Icelandic pronouns (including "I") are not normally capitalized unless they start a sentence.

How do you pronounce the word brauð?

The ð at the end is a voiced th sound (similar to the th in "this"), and the au is a diphthong sounding a bit like “öy.” So brauð might be roughly pronounced as bröyth.

Is there a specific reason it’s borða and not something like “borði” in this sentence?

Yes. borða is the first-person singular present tense form of the verb "to eat" (að borða). Other forms change the ending for different persons, such as “hann borðar” (he eats) or “við borðum” (we eat). But for “I eat,” it’s always ég borða.