Farmrýmið er tómt og burðargetan er há.

Yes. In Icelandic, the is usually attached to the end of the noun as a suffix.

• farmrými = cargo space / luggage compartment

• farmrýmið = the cargo space

• burðargeta = carrying capacity / load capacity
• burðargetan = the carrying capacity

So instead of a separate word like English the, Icelandic often uses a noun ending like -ið, -in, or -inn, depending on the noun’s gender and form.

Yes, both are compounds, which is very common in Icelandic.

• farmrýmið = farm-

  • rýmið
  • farm- relates to cargo/load/luggage
  • rými means space
    So the whole word means something like cargo-space or storage space.

• burðargetan = burðargeta

  • definite ending
    You can think of burðargeta as carrying capacity or load capacity.

A useful rule: in Icelandic compounds, the last part usually determines the grammatical gender of the whole word.

• rými is neuter, so farmrými is neuter
• geta is feminine, so burðargeta is feminine

That helps explain why the adjectives have different forms later in the sentence.

Because farmrýmið is a neuter singular noun, and the adjective has to agree with it.

The adjective tómur means empty, and its nominative singular forms are:

• masculine: tómur
• feminine: tóm
• neuter: tómt

Since farmrýmið is neuter, Icelandic uses tómt:

• Farmrýmið er tómt = The cargo space is empty

This kind of agreement is one of the most important features of Icelandic grammar.

Because burðargetan is feminine singular, so the adjective must match it.

The adjective hár can mean high or tall, depending on context. Its nominative singular forms are:

• masculine: hár
• feminine: há
• neuter: hátt

Since burðargeta is feminine, the correct form is há:

• burðargetan er há = the carrying capacity is high

So the sentence uses:

• tómt for a neuter noun
• há for a feminine noun

Both main nouns are in the nominative singular, because they are the subjects of their clauses:

• Farmrýmið er tómt
• burðargetan er há

The adjectives tómt and há are also in the nominative, because they are predicate adjectives after er (is) and agree with the subject in:

• gender
• number
• case

So this is a nice clear example of subject + vera + adjective, with full agreement.

Normally, no. Here you really have two full clauses joined by og (and):

• Farmrýmið er tómt
• og burðargetan er há

Since the second part has its own subject, it also needs its own verb:

• burðargetan er há

Leaving out the second er would sound incomplete or unnatural in normal Icelandic.

Yes, but then you are making a noun phrase, not the same sentence structure.

In your sentence, the adjectives are predicative: they come after er.

• Farmrýmið er tómt = The cargo space is empty
• Burðargetan er há = The carrying capacity is high

If you put the adjective before the noun, you get something more like:

• tómt farmrými = an empty cargo space
• há burðargeta = a high carrying capacity

If the noun is definite, the adjective also changes form:

• tóma farmrýmið = the empty cargo space
• háa burðargetan = the high carrying capacity

So yes, you can move the adjective before the noun, but the grammar changes.

Yes, absolutely. In Icelandic, accent marks are not optional and they are not just stress marks. They show different vowels.

For example:

• a and á are different vowels
• o and ó are different vowels
• y and ý are different vowels

So you should learn them as part of the spelling of the word, not as an extra detail.

A rough English-friendly approximation is:

FARM-ree-mith er tohmt, og BUR-tha-get-an er how

A few notes:

• ý in rýmið does not have an exact English equivalent; it is often approximated badly as ee
• ð is like the th in this, though in real speech it can be softer
• ó is a long vowel, somewhat like o in go
• á sounds roughly like ow in now

So even if the rough approximation helps, it is worth listening to native audio if you can, especially for ý and ð.