Synjunin kom í dag.

Because Icelandic usually expresses the by attaching it to the noun instead of using a separate word.

• synjun = rejection / denial
• synjunin = the rejection / the denial

So the -in here is the definite article.

It is singular, definite, nominative.

It is nominative because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing that came. The noun synjun is a feminine noun, so synjunin is the feminine singular definite subject form.

Because kom is the past tense form of koma, which means to come.

Useful comparison:

• koma = to come (infinitive)
• kemur = comes / is coming (present, 3rd person singular)
• kom = came (past, singular)

So Synjunin kom í dag is talking about something that happened in the past: the rejection came today.

Yes. The verb koma is irregular, so you cannot predict all its forms just by adding regular endings.

A few important forms are:

• koma = infinitive
• kemur = present singular
• kom = past singular
• komu = past plural

This is a very common Icelandic verb, so it is worth memorizing early.

Yes. Depending on context, koma can often be translated as either come or arrive.

So this sentence may sound natural in English as:

• The rejection came today
• The rejection arrived today

If the context is a letter, response, or official decision, arrived may sound especially natural in English.

Because í dag is the normal everyday Icelandic expression for today.

Literally, it looks like in day, but you should learn it as a fixed phrase meaning today. Icelandic often uses short prepositional phrases like this for time expressions.

Because dagur is the dictionary form, but in í dag the noun is in the accusative case.

So:

• dagur = nominative
• dag = accusative

In this common time expression, í is followed by dag, not dagur. This is a good example of how Icelandic case forms show up in very ordinary phrases.

Yes. This is a very normal Icelandic sentence structure:

• Synjunin = subject
• kom = finite verb
• í dag = time expression

A common alternative would be Í dag kom synjunin. Icelandic main clauses usually follow the verb-second pattern, so if you move í dag to the front, kom still stays in second position.

No. It is capitalized only because it is the first word in the sentence.

Icelandic does not capitalize ordinary nouns the way German does. So synjun is just a normal common noun.

You would say Synjun kom í dag.

That makes the noun indefinite:

• synjun = a rejection / rejection
• synjunin = the rejection

In real usage, the definite form often sounds more natural when both speaker and listener already know which rejection is being talked about.

A rough English-friendly approximation is:

• Synjunin ≈ SIN-yu-nin
• kom ≈ kohm
• í dag ≈ ee DAHG

A few helpful points:

• Icelandic words usually have main stress on the first syllable
• y in Icelandic does not sound like English y
• the j in synjunin sounds like English y

So the beginning of synjunin is closer to sin-yu- than to anything with an English j sound.