Ne ülj arra a törött székre, inkább hozok egy másikat.

Because ne is used to make a negative command in Hungarian.

• Ne ülj! = Don’t sit!
• Nem ülsz = You are not sitting / You don’t sit

So in this sentence, the speaker is telling someone not to do something, which requires ne + the imperative form.

Also, ülj is the imperative form of ül (to sit).

This is a very common Hungarian pattern:

• arra = onto/on that
• a = the
• székre = chair with case ending

Hungarian often uses a demonstrative plus the article together before a noun:

• ez a könyv = this book
• az a ház = that house
• arra a székre = onto that chair

So the double-looking structure is normal. English usually just says that chair, but Hungarian commonly says the equivalent of that the chair.

Because -re shows movement toward a surface or target, while -n/-on/-en/-ön shows location.

Here the idea is not being on the chair, but sitting down onto it.

• a székre = onto the chair
• a széken = on the chair

Compare:

• Ne ülj a székre! = Don’t sit down on the chair!
• A széken ül. = He/She is sitting on the chair.

English uses on for both ideas, but Hungarian often distinguishes them more clearly.

In Hungarian, attributive adjectives normally come before the noun, just like in English.

• törött szék = broken chair
• piros autó = red car
• nagy ház = big house

So a törött székre is the normal order: the broken chair.

Because in Hungarian, when an adjective directly modifies a noun, the noun usually carries the case ending, not the adjective.

So:

• törött szék = broken chair
• törött székre = onto a/the broken chair

The adjective törött stays unchanged, while szék takes the ending -re.

This is very different from languages where adjectives agree in case with nouns.

Inkább means rather, instead, or preferably.

In this sentence, it introduces the better alternative:

• Don’t sit on that broken chair; instead, I’ll bring another one.

So inkább signals a switch from a bad option to a better one.

Hungarian often uses the present tense to talk about a near future action or an intention that is clear from context.

So:

• hozok egy másikat literally looks like I bring another one
• but naturally means I’ll bring another one

This is very normal Hungarian. A future form with fogok is possible in some contexts, but here it would usually sound less natural or less immediate.

Másik means another or the other one, depending on context.

Here it has the ending -t, which is the accusative ending, used for a direct object.

• másik = another / other
• másikat = another one as the object of the verb

Since the speaker is bringing it, it is the direct object of hozok.

This is short for something like:

• hozok egy másik széket = I’ll bring another chair

But Hungarian often leaves out the noun when it is obvious, so egy másikat means another one.

Because Hungarian has two conjugations for many verbs:

• indefinite conjugation
• definite conjugation

Here, the object is egy másikat = another one, which is treated as indefinite, so the verb is:

• hozok

Compare:

• Hozok egy széket. = I’ll bring a chair.
• Hozom a széket. = I’m bringing the chair.

So:

• egy másikat → indefinite object → hozok
• a másikat → definite object → hozom

Yes, absolutely.

Both are correct:

• Hozok egy másik széket. = I’ll bring another chair.
• Hozok egy másikat. = I’ll bring another one.

The second version leaves out széket because it is already understood from the previous part of the sentence. This kind of omission is very common and natural in Hungarian.

They are very different:

• másik = another / the other
• második = second

So in this sentence:

• egy másikat = another one

It does not mean a second one.

Examples:

• Kérek egy másik poharat. = I’d like another glass.
• A második pohár az enyém. = The second glass is mine.

Yes, but this order is quite natural.

• inkább comes early because it highlights the alternative: instead / rather
• hozok follows in a neutral, natural order
• egy másikat comes after the verb as the object

So the clause sounds like: instead, I’ll bring another one.

Hungarian word order is flexible, but it is strongly tied to focus and emphasis. This sentence uses a very natural, everyday word order without special dramatic emphasis.