Ne hagyd a pénztárcádat az asztalon, tedd inkább a táskád zsebébe!

Because Hungarian uses ne for a negative command.

• nem negates statements: nem hagyod = you do not leave it
• ne negates imperatives: ne hagyd = don’t leave it

So ne hagyd is the normal way to say don’t leave.

Both are 2nd person singular imperative forms, because the speaker is telling one person what to do.

They are also definite-conjugation forms, because the object is definite:

• a pénztárcádat = your wallet
• in the second clause, the object it is understood to mean the wallet

So:

• hagyd = leave it
• tedd = put it

The dictionary forms are:

• hagyni = to leave
• tenni = to put, to place

tenni is a bit irregular, so tedd is something you should just get used to as a common imperative form.

Hungarian often leaves pronouns out when they are clear from context.

• you is not stated, because the verb ending already shows that the command is directed at you singular
• it is not stated in tedd, because it is obvious that the speaker means the wallet

So Hungarian sounds natural without extra pronouns here. English usually needs them more often.

Because several pieces are packed into one word:

• pénztárca = wallet
• pénztárcád = your wallet
• pénztárcádat = your wallet as a direct object

The last -t is the accusative ending, which marks the direct object.

So the structure is roughly:

pénztárca + -d + -t
wallet + your + object marker

That kind of stacking is very common in Hungarian.

Because the sentence uses two different location meanings:

• az asztalon = on the table
• a táskád zsebébe = into your bag’s pocket

The endings are different because the relationships are different:

• -on / -en / -ön = on
• -ba / -be = into

So:

• asztalon = on the table
• zsebébe = into the pocket

If it meant in the pocket rather than into the pocket, it would be zsebében.

Because this is not just into a pocket. It is into the pocket of your bag.

Hungarian marks possession on the possessed noun too:

• zseb = pocket
• zsebe = its pocket / the pocket of it
• zsebébe = into its pocket

So a táskád zsebébe literally works like:

• a táskád = your bag
• zsebébe = into its pocket

In more natural English: into your bag’s pocket or into the pocket of your bag.

Inkább means rather or instead.

Here it softens and redirects the command:

• Ne hagyd ... = don’t leave it ...
• tedd inkább ... = put it instead ...

So the speaker is not only saying what not to do, but also suggesting the better alternative.

A and az are just two forms of the Hungarian definite article, like the.

• a is used before a consonant sound: a pénztárcádat, a táskád
• az is used before a vowel sound: az asztalon

So az asztalon is simply on the table, with the article adjusted for pronunciation.

Yes, Hungarian word order is flexible, but changes can affect emphasis.

The given sentence is very natural and neutral:

Ne hagyd a pénztárcádat az asztalon, tedd inkább a táskád zsebébe!

Other orders are possible, for example:

• Inkább tedd a táskád zsebébe!
• A táskád zsebébe tedd inkább!

These versions put extra focus on instead or on into your bag’s pocket.

So the original is a good everyday version, but not the only possible one.

Yes. It is addressed to one person informally: you singular, like talking to a friend, child, family member, classmate, and so on.

If you wanted a formal singular version, the verbs would change, for example:

• Ne hagyja ...
• tegye inkább ...

An informal plural version would be:

• Ne hagyjátok ...
• tegyétek inkább ...

So the exact verb form tells you a lot about who is being addressed.

It is one sentence made of two commands joined by a comma:

1. Ne hagyd a pénztárcádat az asztalon
2. tedd inkább a táskád zsebébe

This is very natural in Hungarian, just like in English when you say something like:

Don’t leave your wallet on the table, put it in your bag instead.

So grammatically, it is a paired instruction: first a negative command, then a positive alternative.