Küldök egy dokumentumot e-mailben, hogy a tanárnő is lássa.

Hungarian usually does not need a subject pronoun, because the verb ending already shows the subject.

• küldök = I send / I am sending
• the ending -ök tells you the subject is I

You could add én for emphasis, but it is not necessary:

• Küldök egy dokumentumot. = I’m sending a document.
• Én küldök egy dokumentumot. = I’m the one sending a document.

This is because Hungarian has two kinds of verb conjugation: indefinite and definite.

Here the object is:

• egy dokumentumot = a document

Because egy makes it indefinite, Hungarian uses the indefinite conjugation:

• küldök = I send (something / an indefinite thing)

If the object were definite, you would use küldöm:

• Küldöm a dokumentumot. = I’m sending the document.

So:

• egy dokumentumot → küldök
• a dokumentumot → küldöm

Because it is the direct object of the verb send.

Hungarian marks the direct object with the accusative ending, usually -t. In this word, it appears as -ot:

• dokumentum = document
• dokumentumot = document as the thing being sent

So:

• Küldök egy dokumentumot. = I’m sending a document.

The -ot here is just the object marker.

Yes, -ben literally means in. But in Hungarian, e-mailben is a normal way to say by email / in an email.

So:

• e-mailben = by email, literally in email

This is a natural Hungarian expression. English uses by email, while Hungarian often uses the inessive ending -ban/-ben for this kind of medium.

You may also see the spelling emailben without the hyphen in modern usage.

Here hogy introduces a clause of purpose. In this sentence it means something like:

• so that
• in order that

So the structure is:

• Küldök egy dokumentumot e-mailben, hogy a tanárnő is lássa.
• I’m sending a document by email so that the teacher can see it too.

In other contexts, hogy can also mean that, but here the meaning is clearly so that.

Tanárnő specifically means female teacher or teacher (woman).

• tanár = teacher
• tanárnő = female teacher

Hungarian often uses -nő to make some professions explicitly female.

In real life, tanárnő is also a very common and polite way to refer to a female teacher, especially in school contexts.

Is usually means also / too.

In this sentence:

• a tanárnő is = the teacher too / the teacher also

Hungarian places is directly after the word it relates to. So here it attaches to tanárnő, showing that the teacher is the one being added.

Compare:

• A tanárnő is lássa. → the teacher too should see it
• if is were attached to another word, the meaning emphasis would change

So its position is very important.

Because after hogy in a purpose clause like this, Hungarian uses a subjunctive/imperative-type verb form.

So:

• látja = he/she sees it
• lássa = so that he/she may see it / can see it

In English, we often do not notice this difference clearly, because English uses so that ... can see or just so that ... see in a more analytic way. Hungarian expresses it directly in the verb form.

So:

• hogy ... lássa = so that ... may see it

This is just part of how the verb lát forms its imperative/subjunctive stem.

• dictionary form: lát = to see
• subjunctive/imperative stem: láss-
• lássa = that he/she see it

This looks irregular from an English-speaker point of view, but it is a normal Hungarian verb pattern. You do not build it from látja; you build it from the verb lát using the imperative/subjunctive form.

So it is best learned as:

• lát → lássa

Because the object is understood from the earlier part of the sentence.

The implied object is the document:

• Küldök egy dokumentumot ... hogy a tanárnő is lássa.
• literally: I’m sending a document ... so that the teacher can see it.

Hungarian does not need to repeat the object if it is already clear. But once the object is understood as a specific thing — here, that document — the verb takes the definite form:

• lássa = that she see it (a definite it)

So even though the object is omitted, it is still grammatically definite.

Because Hungarian often leaves out an object when it is already obvious from context.

Here, a documentumot has already been mentioned, so repeating it would usually be unnecessary.

Fuller version:

• Küldök egy dokumentumot e-mailben, hogy a tanárnő is lássa a dokumentumot.

This is grammatically possible, but it sounds more repetitive. The shorter version is more natural:

• ... hogy a tanárnő is lássa.

English does the same thing:

• I’m sending a document so that the teacher can see it.

We say it, not the document again.

Because hogy a tanárnő is lássa is a subordinate clause.

Hungarian normally separates subordinate clauses with a comma, especially when introduced by words like hogy.

So the comma here is standard:

• Küldök egy dokumentumot e-mailben, hogy a tanárnő is lássa.

This is similar to English punctuation in sentences like:

• I’m sending a document, so that the teacher can see it too.

Yes. Hungarian word order is quite flexible, but changing it often changes the emphasis.

The given sentence is fairly neutral:

• Küldök egy dokumentumot e-mailben, hogy a tanárnő is lássa.

If you move e-mailben earlier:

• E-mailben küldök egy dokumentumot...

that can put more emphasis on by email.

If you emphasize the teacher:

• ... hogy a tanárnő is lássa

  the is shows that the teacher is being added to someone else who will see it.

So the sentence is not random: the order helps show what is new, neutral, or emphasized.