A barátom valahol a parkban sétál.

My friend is walking somewhere in the park.

Breakdown of A barátom valahol a parkban sétál.

• barát: the friend
• -ban: in
• sétálni: to walk
• park: the park
• -om: my
• valahol: somewhere

Questions & Answers about A barátom valahol a parkban sétál.

How does barátom mean my friend if there is no separate word for my?

Hungarian usually puts the possessive (my, your, his/her, etc.) on the noun as an ending.

• barát = friend
• barátom = my friend (-om = my)
• barátod = your friend (-od = your)
• barátja = his/her friend (-ja = his/her)

So barátom literally means friend-my. Hungarian doesn’t need a separate word like my in front of it; it’s built into the noun.

If barátom already means my friend, why do we also have A barátom? Isn’t that like saying the my friend?

It looks strange from an English point of view, but in Hungarian this is normal.

• a / az = the (definite article)
• barátom = my friend

So a barátom literally is the my friend, but in natural English that just corresponds to my friend.

You can often use barátom both:

• with the article: A barátom valahol a parkban sétál.
• without the article: Barátom valahol a parkban sétál.

Both are correct. Using the article tends to sound more neutral and common in everyday speech, and it can emphasize that we are talking about a specific, known friend. Without the article can sound a bit more formal, literary, or stylistically marked, depending on context.

What exactly does the ending -ban in parkban mean?

Hungarian uses case endings instead of separate prepositions like in, on, at.

• park = park
• parkban = in the park

The ending -ban / -ben is called the inessive case, and it usually means in:

• házban = in the house
• városban = in the city
• táskában = in the bag

Because park has a back vowel (a), it takes -ban rather than -ben (vowel harmony). The article a in a parkban is just the: in the park.

Why is there another a before parkban? Why do we need a parkban, not just parkban?

Hungarian normally uses a definite article a/az in front of definite nouns, including place names like park when you mean a specific one.

• a parkban = in the park (a particular park both speaker and listener know about)
• parkban without a is possible but sounds:
  • more like a generic location, or
  • a bit telegraphic (e.g. note style, headlines), or
  • part of some fixed expressions.

In everyday speech, when you mean a specific place, you almost always include the article:

• A boltban vagyok. = I’m in the shop.
• A kertben ül. = He/She is sitting in the garden.
• A parkban sétál. = He/She is walking in the park.

Where is the English is in this sentence? Why isn’t it A barátom … is sétál for is walking?

Hungarian doesn’t use a separate verb like to be for the present continuous (is walking, is running, etc.) the way English does.

• sétál by itself already covers both:
  • walks (simple present) and
  • is walking (present continuous).

So:

• A barátom sétál. = My friend walks. / My friend is walking.
• A barátom valahol a parkban sétál. = My friend is walking somewhere in the park.

You cannot say *A barátom van sétál here. van (is) is not used in this kind of present-tense verb phrase.

What does valahol add? Could I just say A barátom a parkban sétál?

valahol means somewhere.

• A barátom a parkban sétál.
  = My friend is walking in the park. (neutral, just states the location.)

• A barátom valahol a parkban sétál.
  = My friend is walking somewhere in the park. (you don’t know exactly where in the park).

So valahol shows that the exact spot is unknown or not important.
If you remove valahol, the sentence is still correct; it just loses that nuance of somewhere / at some place in.

Can I change the word order to A barátom sétál valahol a parkban? Does it mean the same thing?

Yes, you can say:

• A barátom sétál valahol a parkban.

Both versions are grammatical and mean essentially the same thing, but Hungarian word order is sensitive to emphasis and information structure.

Very roughly:

• A barátom valahol a parkban sétál.
  Tends to emphasize the location (valahol a parkban) as the new or important information.

• A barátom sétál valahol a parkban.
  Feels a bit more neutral or can put slightly more prominence on the activity (that he/she is walking, not doing something else), and the location is less strongly focused.

In everyday speech, both will usually be understood the same; the difference is subtle and context-dependent.

How would I say My friends are walking somewhere in the park? How do barátom and sétál change in the plural?

To make this plural, you need:

1. Plural possessed noun (my friends)
2. Plural verb (are walking)

• barát = friend
• barátaim = my friends (barát + aim: friends-my)
• sétál = (he/she) walks
• sétálnak = (they) walk

So the sentence becomes:

• A barátaim valahol a parkban sétálnak.
  = My friends are walking somewhere in the park.

Notice:

• barátaim (my friends) – plural possessive
• sétálnak – 3rd person plural verb form

How do I pronounce the long á in barátom and sétál, and does it change the meaning?

In Hungarian, the accent mark on á shows two things:

1. The vowel is long (held longer).
2. Its quality is slightly different from short a.

Pronunciation (approximate for English speakers):

• a = like the o in pot (short)
• á = like a longer, more open a in father, held longer

So:

• barátom ≈ bah-RAH-tom
• sétál ≈ SHAY-tahl

Length is phonemic in Hungarian, so in many words, changing a to á (or vice versa) can change the word’s meaning.
In barátom and sétál, writing a instead of á would simply be spelling mistakes and could make the word confusing or unrecognizable to a native speaker.