A többség kárfelmérést kér.

• A = the
• többség = majority
• kárfelmérést = damage assessment in the accusative case
• kér = asks for / requests

So the structure is basically:

A többség + kárfelmérést + kér
the majority + a damage assessment + requests

A very literal translation would be The majority requests a damage assessment.

Because it is the direct object of the verb kér.

In Hungarian, direct objects usually take the accusative ending -t.
The base word is kárfelmérés and the accusative form is kárfelmérést.

Compare:

• kárfelmérés = damage assessment
• kárfelmérést = damage assessment as the thing being requested

So the sentence is literally requesting what? → kárfelmérést.

This is about the Hungarian indefinite vs. definite conjugation.

Hungarian verbs often change depending on whether the object is definite/specific or indefinite/non-specific.

Here, kárfelmérést has no definite article and is understood as an indefinite object, so Hungarian uses the indefinite verb form:

• kér = asks for / requests something non-specific
• kéri = asks for / requests a specific thing

So:

• A többség kárfelmérést kér. = The majority is asking for a damage assessment
• A többség a kárfelmérést kéri. = The majority is asking for the damage assessment / a specific one

Because A többség is a definite subject: the majority.

But kárfelmérést is being used more generally, like a damage assessment or simply damage assessment as the thing being requested. That makes it indefinite, so there is no a/az before it.

Hungarian often leaves the indefinite article out where English would still use a/an.

So English may say:

• The majority requests a damage assessment

But Hungarian naturally says:

• A többség kárfelmérést kér.

Többség is grammatically singular.

Even though it refers to many people, the noun itself means majority as one group. That is why the verb is singular:

• A többség kér = The majority requests

This is similar to English when we treat the majority as a single unit.

In this sentence, it means ask for or request, not ask a question.

Hungarian kér is often used when someone wants something:

• vizet kér = asks for water
• segítséget kér = asks for help
• kárfelmérést kér = asks for / requests a damage assessment

So here the idea is not that the majority is asking a question. It is that they are requesting something.

Yes, it is one compound word, and that is very normal in Hungarian.

It is made from:

• kár = damage
• felmérés = survey, assessment, evaluation

So kárfelmérés literally means something like damage-assessment.

Hungarian uses compound nouns very often, much more freely than English.

Yes. Hungarian word order is quite flexible, and changes in word order often change focus or emphasis, not the basic meaning.

The sentence as given:

• A többség kárfelmérést kér.

is a neutral way to say The majority requests a damage assessment.

You could also say:

• Kárfelmérést kér a többség.

This puts more attention on kárfelmérést, as if the important point is what the majority is asking for.

So the meaning stays close, but the emphasis changes.

Yes, it is possible, but it sounds a little more explicit.

• kárfelmérést kér = requests a damage assessment in a general sense
• egy kárfelmérést kér = requests one damage assessment

Adding egy can make the object feel more clearly countable or more explicitly one item.

In many contexts, Hungarian prefers the simpler version without egy, especially when English would still naturally use a/an.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• A = short aw
• többség ≈ turb-shayg but with rounded lips on ö
• kárfelmérést ≈ kaar-fel-may-raysht
• kér ≈ kayr

A few important sound notes:

• ö is a rounded front vowel, something English does not really have
• é is a long vowel, like ay in a clean, steady sound
• s in Hungarian sounds like English sh
• sz sounds like English s
• kér has a long é

So többség ends with a sound like shayg, not seg.