Az út jóval hosszabb.

In Hungarian, the present-tense verb to be is usually omitted in the third person singular and plural when the predicate is a noun, adjective, or adverb.

So:

• Az út jóval hosszabb. = The road is much longer.

But in past or future, or with I/you, the verb appears:

• Az út hosszabb volt. = The road was longer.
• Az út hosszabb lesz. = The road will be longer.
• Az út hosszabb vagy? would not work here, because vagy is you are, not third person.

So the missing is is completely normal.

Az is the definite article the.

• az út = the road / the way

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a
• az

The choice depends on the following sound.
Use az before a vowel sound, and a before a consonant sound.

Since út begins with the vowel ú, you say:

• az út

Compare:

• az autó = the car
• a ház = the house

The -bb ending makes the comparative, like English -er or more.

So:

• hosszú = long
• hosszabb = longer

This is a very common pattern in Hungarian:

• nagy = big

• nagyobb = bigger

• gyors = fast
• gyorsabb = faster

So hosszabb simply means longer.

Jóval means much, far, or by a lot when used before a comparative.

So:

• jóval hosszabb = much longer / far longer

It strengthens the comparison.

Compare:

• Az út hosszabb. = The road is longer.
• Az út jóval hosszabb. = The road is much longer.

This is an idiomatic usage. Even though jó by itself means good, jóval here does not mean well or goodly in a literal word-for-word way. As a whole, before a comparative, it functions as an intensifier.

Hungarian, like English, can leave the second half of the comparison unstated if it is already clear from context.

So:

• Az út jóval hosszabb. = The road is much longer.

This implies than something else, but that comparison point is omitted because the listener already knows it.

If you want to say it explicitly, Hungarian often uses mint:

• Az út jóval hosszabb, mint a másik.
  = The road is much longer than the other one.

So the sentence is complete on its own, but context supplies the missing comparison.

Yes, possibly. Út has a wider meaning than just road.

Depending on context, út can mean:

• road
• way
• route
• journey
• sometimes path

So the best translation depends on the situation. In many basic examples, road is the most natural choice, but other translations may be correct too.

Because these mean different things.

• nagyon hosszú = very long
• jóval hosszabb = much longer

So:

• nagyon hosszú describes something in absolute terms
• jóval hosszabb compares it to something else

Compare:

• Az út nagyon hosszú. = The road is very long.
• Az út jóval hosszabb. = The road is much longer.

English makes the same distinction:

• very long ≠ much longer

No, Hungarian word order is flexible, and changes in word order often change emphasis rather than basic meaning.

The neutral version here is:

• Az út jóval hosszabb.

But you could also say:

• Jóval hosszabb az út.

This puts more focus on jóval hosszabb — roughly like The road is much longer with extra emphasis on much longer.

So the sentence elements can move around, but the version you were given is a very natural neutral order.

No. Hungarian adjectives do not agree with nouns in gender, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender like he/she nouns in many Indo-European languages.

And when an adjective is used predicatively, as here, it also does not change to match the noun.

So:

• az út hosszabb = the road is longer
• az utcák hosszabbak = the streets are longer

Notice that in the plural, the adjective can take plural marking when it is the predicate:

• hosszabbak = longer (plural predicate form)

But there is still no gender agreement.

Út is pronounced roughly like oot in English, but with a pure long u sound.

The accent on ú shows that the vowel is long:

• u = short
• ú = long

Vowel length matters in Hungarian, so the accent is not optional decoration — it changes pronunciation and can distinguish words.

So:

• út has a long vowel
• pronounce it clearly longer than a short u

It is especially common with comparatives, where it means much / far / by a lot.

Examples:

• jóval nagyobb = much bigger
• jóval gyorsabb = much faster
• jóval drágább = much more expensive

That is the most useful pattern to learn first. In this sentence, that is exactly what it is doing:

• jóval hosszabb = much longer

So for a learner, it is best to remember jóval + comparative adjective as a common structure.