Az íny ma duzzadt.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

Since íny begins with the vowel í, the correct form is az íny.

Examples:

• a fog = the tooth
• az íny = the gum

This is similar to the difference between a and an in English, although Hungarian uses this only for the definite article.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense, third person when talking about simple descriptions.

So:

• Az íny ma duzzadt. literally: The gum today swollen. natural English: The gum is swollen today.

This omission happens very often:

• A ház nagy. = The house is big.
• A leves meleg. = The soup is hot.

But in other persons, the verb appears:

• Beteg vagyok. = I am sick.
• Beteg vagy. = You are sick.

So the missing is here is completely normal Hungarian grammar.

Yes, íny means the gum in the mouth, the tissue around the teeth.

It does not mean chewing gum. So in a medical or dental context, íny is the right word.

Related words:

• fog = tooth
• ínygyulladás = gum inflammation / gingivitis

Duzzadt is an adjective, meaning swollen.

It comes from the verb duzzad, which means to swell. But in this sentence, duzzadt functions simply as a descriptive adjective.

So:

• duzzad = to swell
• duzzadt = swollen

You can use it like other Hungarian adjectives:

• duzzadt szem = swollen eye
• duzzadt íny = swollen gum

No. Hungarian adjectives do not change for gender, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender.

They also usually do not change in a basic predicate sentence like this one.

So:

• Az íny duzzadt. = The gum is swollen.
• A szem duzzadt. = The eye is swollen.
• A szemek duzzadtak. = The eyes are swollen.

Notice that in the plural predicate, you often get -ak/-ek/-ok on the adjective:

• duzzadt → duzzadtak

But there is still no masculine/feminine distinction like in many European languages.

Ma means today. In Hungarian, adverbs of time often appear before the main descriptive part of the sentence.

So:

• Az íny ma duzzadt. = The gum is swollen today.

This word order sounds natural because ma helps set the time frame before the key description duzzadt.

Hungarian word order is quite flexible, though. You may also hear:

• Ma duzzadt az íny.

That version can put more emphasis on today or on the whole situation as something true today.

So the sentence you have is natural, but not the only possible order.

Yes. That is also grammatical.

Both mean basically the same thing:

• Az íny ma duzzadt.
• Ma duzzadt az íny.

The difference is mostly about focus and information structure, which are very important in Hungarian word order.

Very roughly:

• Az íny ma duzzadt sounds like you are talking about the gum, and then saying that today it is swollen.
• Ma duzzadt az íny gives today more prominence.

A learner does not need to master all these nuances immediately, but it is good to know that Hungarian word order is often about emphasis, not just grammar.

Íny is pronounced approximately like eeny, but with a special final sound.

A rough breakdown:

• í = a long ee sound, like in see, but held a bit longer
• ny = like the ny in canyon, or like Spanish ñ

So íny sounds roughly like:

• eeny
  but with the final sound as one soft consonant: /iːɲ/

For English speakers, the hardest part is usually ny. It is a single consonant in Hungarian, not just n + y.

A rough pronunciation is:

• dooz-zawdt

More carefully:

• du = like doo
• zz = a long z sound
• a = a short open vowel, somewhat like o in British hot
• dt at the end is pronounced clearly

So the whole word is approximately /duzːɒdt/.

Important point: zz in Hungarian is a double consonant, so it is held a little longer than a single z.

In Hungarian, accents are not optional spelling marks. They show a real difference in pronunciation.

Here, í is the long version of i.

So:

• i = short vowel
• í = long vowel

Vowel length matters in Hungarian, and changing it can change the word.

So you should learn íny with the accent as part of the word itself, not as an extra detail.

You would usually say:

• Az ínyem ma duzzadt.

Here:

• íny = gum
• -em = my

So ínyem means my gum.

Hungarian often expresses possession by adding an ending directly to the noun.

Examples:

• fogam = my tooth
• szemem = my eye
• ínyem = my gum

You may also hear:

• Ma duzzadt az ínyem.

That is also correct, with slightly different emphasis.

Grammatically, az íny is singular, so it literally means the gum.

But in practice, body-part words in Hungarian can sometimes be used in ways that do not map perfectly onto English. Depending on context, it may refer to the gum area generally, not just one tiny section.

If you specifically wanted a plural idea, you would need a different form, but in ordinary medical or everyday speech, singular body-part nouns are often perfectly natural for a general condition.