A fogorvos azt mondja, hogy ki kell húzni a bölcsességfogat.

Because Hungarian verbs have a definite and an indefinite conjugation.

Here the verb mond takes the object azt (that), which is definite, so the verb appears in the definite form: mondja.

Compare:

• mond valamit = says something
• azt mondja = says that / says it

So A fogorvos azt mondja... literally starts as The dentist says that...

Azt is a pronoun meaning that, and here it points forward to the whole clause introduced by hogy.

So the pattern is:

azt mondja, hogy... = says that...

This is a very common Hungarian structure. Literally, it is something like:

• He says that thing, namely that...

In natural English we usually just say He says that..., but Hungarian often keeps this extra azt.

Here hogy means that and introduces a subordinate clause.

So:

• A fogorvos azt mondja, hogy... = The dentist says that...

Do not confuse this with other uses of hogy. In this sentence, it is simply a conjunction linking the two parts of the sentence.

The basic verb is kihúzni = to pull out.

It consists of:

• ki = out
• húzni = to pull

In Hungarian, when a prefixed verb appears with a modal or similar verb like kell, the prefix often separates from the main verb:

• kihúzni → ki kell húzni

So even though the dictionary form is kihúzni, the sentence naturally says:

• ki kell húzni = has to be pulled out / must be extracted

Húzni by itself means to pull.

Adding ki- gives the idea of outward movement:

• húzni = to pull
• kihúzni = to pull out

With a tooth, this is the normal way to say extract or pull out a tooth.

Kell + infinitive is a very common Hungarian pattern meaning must, have to, or need to.

So:

• ki kell húzni = must be pulled out / has to be pulled out

Literally, Hungarian is closer to:

• it is necessary to pull out

This structure is often impersonal, meaning Hungarian does not have to say exactly who will do it. In this sentence, the context makes it obvious that a dentist would do it.

The sentence does not explicitly say.

That is normal in Hungarian. The structure kell + infinitive often leaves the doer unspecified when it is obvious from context.

So:

• ki kell húzni a bölcsességfogat literally means something like the wisdom tooth needs to be pulled out

The implied meaning is that someone—most likely the dentist—will extract it.

The dictionary form is bölcsességfog = wisdom tooth.

In the sentence, it is the direct object, so it gets the accusative ending -t.

That gives:

• bölcsességfog → bölcsességfogat

The extra a before -t is a linking vowel. With fog, the accusative form is fogat, not fogot.

So:

• bölcsességfog = wisdom tooth
• bölcsességfogat = wisdom tooth as the object, literally wisdom-tooth-ACC

Because it is a compound noun, and Hungarian writes many compounds as a single word.

It is made from:

• bölcsesség = wisdom
• fog = tooth

So:

• bölcsességfog = wisdom tooth

This is very normal in Hungarian spelling.

Hungarian can use a bare noun here more naturally than English can.

So bölcsességfogat without an article is perfectly possible in a medical or general statement like this. It can sound a bit like a wisdom tooth or simply the wisdom tooth depending on context.

If the speaker wanted to make it more explicitly specific, Hungarian would often use a possessive or another determiner, for example:

• a bölcsességfogát = his/her wisdom tooth
• a bölcsességfogamat = my wisdom tooth

So the lack of an article is not strange in Hungarian, even if English would usually want one.

Fogorvos means dentist, and a fogorvos means the dentist.

Hungarian normally uses the definite article when talking about a specific, identifiable person:

• fogorvos = dentist as a dictionary word or profession
• a fogorvos = the dentist

So A fogorvos azt mondja... means The dentist says...

Yes, often it can.

You may hear:

• A fogorvos mondja, hogy...

But azt mondja, hogy... is extremely common and very natural. Including azt makes the structure more explicit and is often the default with verbs like say, think, or know.

So both are possible, but the version with azt is especially common.

This is a normal, neutral word order.

• A fogorvos = subject
• azt mondja = main verb phrase
• hogy ki kell húzni a bölcsességfogat = content clause

So the sentence is built very straightforwardly:

The dentist says that the wisdom tooth has to be pulled out.

Nothing unusually emphatic is happening here; it is just a standard Hungarian sentence pattern.