A tanú neve itt van.

• A = the
• tanú = witness
• neve = his/her/its name or, in this phrase, the witness's name
• itt = here
• van = is

So the sentence is built as:

A tanú neve + itt van
= The witness's name + is here

Because Hungarian shows possession on the thing possessed, not with an apostrophe like English.

• név = name
• neve = his/her/its name

In a tanú neve, the possessed thing is name, so Hungarian adds a possessive ending to név.

Also, név changes its stem before endings:

• név
• nev-em = my name
• nev-ed = your name
• nev-e = his/her name

So neve is the correct possessive form.

This is a very common Hungarian possessive pattern:

possessor + possessed noun with possessive suffix

So:

• a tanú = the witness
• neve = his/her name

Together:

a tanú neve = the witness's name

Literally, it is something like:

the witness name-his/her

That may feel unusual to an English speaker, but it is normal Hungarian structure.

In the basic neutral possessive structure, Hungarian normally uses just one definite article before the possessor:

• a tanú neve = the witness's name

You do not normally say:

• a tanú a neve for this neutral meaning

There is, however, a different pattern:

• a tanúnak a neve

This is also possible, but it is more explicit or contrastive, and it uses the dative ending -nak/-nek on the possessor. The simpler neutral version here is a tanú neve.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

Since tanú begins with t, a consonant, the correct form is:

• a tanú

If the next word began with a vowel, you would use az instead.

That is a very common question.

Hungarian often leaves out van in the present tense when the predicate is a noun or adjective:

• A tanú fáradt. = The witness is tired.
• Ez a név fontos. = This name is important.

But with location or existence, Hungarian normally uses van:

• A tanú itt van. = The witness is here.
• A név a lapon van. = The name is on the page.

So in A tanú neve itt van, van is needed because itt expresses location: is here.

No, Hungarian word order is flexible, but different orders give different emphasis.

The sentence:

A tanú neve itt van.

is a neutral way to say it, with a tanú neve as the topic and itt van as the comment.

You could also say:

Itt van a tanú neve.

This sounds more like:

• Here is the witness's name
• or The witness's name is here

So the meaning is similar, but the focus shifts. Hungarian word order is strongly connected to emphasis and information structure.

Not in this basic pattern.

In:

a tanú neve

the possessor tanú stays in its basic form, and the possessed noun név gets the possessive marking.

So:

• tanú stays tanú
• név becomes neve

If you use the more explicit possessive structure, then the possessor does change:

• a tanúnak a neve

Here tanú gets -nak.

But in the sentence you were given, the simple structure is used, so tanú does not change.

A rough pronunciation is:

aw TAH-noo NEH-veh ITT vawn

A few helpful points:

• Hungarian stress is normally on the first syllable of each word.
• tanú has a long ú, so the last vowel is held a bit longer.
• itt has a double tt, so the consonant is a bit longer than English it.
• a in Hungarian is not like English a in cat; it is closer to a short open o/aw sound.

So you might hear it approximately as:

AH tah-NOO NEH-veh ITT vawn

Yes. Itt van literally means is here, but depending on context it can also suggest things like:

• is present
• is available here
• is on this page / in this place
• is right here

So if someone is pointing at a list, form, or document, A tanú neve itt van could mean that the witness's name appears there, not necessarily that the name is physically moving around, of course. Context tells you exactly what kind of here is meant.