A reszelő itt van.

A is the definite article, so it means the.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

Because reszelő starts with r, Hungarian uses a: a reszelő = the file / the grater.

That is a very common question.

Hungarian often omits van in the 3rd person singular when the sentence simply links a subject to a noun or adjective:

• A reszelő nagy. = The file is big.
• A reszelő új. = The file is new.

But Hungarian usually keeps van in sentences about location or existence:

• A reszelő itt van. = The file is here.
• A könyv az asztalon van. = The book is on the table.

So in this sentence, van is needed because the sentence says where something is.

Because Hungarian does not need a separate subject pronoun here.

The noun phrase a reszelő already tells you what the subject is, so Hungarian does not add an extra word meaning it.

English needs it is here, but Hungarian can simply say:

• A reszelő itt van.

If the subject is already clear from context, Hungarian can even leave the noun out and just say:

• Itt van. = It is here.

Itt is a standalone adverb, meaning here.

It is not a noun with a case ending attached. It is just its own word.

Related forms are:

• itt = here
• ide = to here / hereward
• innen = from here

So in A reszelő itt van, itt simply tells the location: here.

Yes, absolutely.

Both are correct, but the emphasis is a little different.

• A reszelő itt van.
  This starts with the file / grater as the topic, then says something about it: it is here.

• Itt van a reszelő.
  This sounds more like Here is the file / grater or The file is here with more attention on the location.

Hungarian word order is flexible, and word order often shows focus or what the speaker is presenting first, not just grammar.

Normally, no.

In an ordinary sentence, Hungarian usually wants the article here:

• A reszelő itt van.

Without the article, reszelő sounds unnatural in a normal statement. A bare noun like that might appear only in very special styles, such as notes, labels, headlines, or unusual emphasis.

So for normal speech, use a reszelő.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

REH-seh-loe

A few important points:

• sz is pronounced like English s in see
• Hungarian s by itself would sound like English sh
• ő is a long vowel, pronounced somewhat like a long rounded vowel made with the lips rounded

So reszelő is approximately:

• re-se-lő
• with stress on the first syllable, because Hungarian stress is normally on the first syllable of the word

Also, the double acute accent in ő shows that it is a long vowel.

No. Hungarian has no grammatical gender.

That means nouns are not masculine, feminine, or neuter in the way they are in many European languages. So reszelő is just a noun, with no gender category attached to it.

Because of that, Hungarian does not have to match articles or adjectives to a noun’s gender.

The sentence breaks down like this:

• A reszelő = the file / grater
• itt = here
• van = is

So the structure is basically:

• subject + place adverb + verb

More literally, you can think of it as:

• The file/grater here is

That word-for-word order sounds strange in English, but it is perfectly normal in Hungarian.

Grammatically, it is singular here, because there is no plural ending.

As a vocabulary item, reszelő can refer to different tools depending on context, most commonly something like a file or a grater. The exact meaning depends on the situation, but the grammar of the sentence stays the same either way.