A part nagyon közel van.

A is the definite article, so it means the.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant
• az before a vowel

Since part starts with p, Hungarian uses a part.

Examples:

• a ház = the house
• az autó = the car

Not in this sentence. Hungarian part means shore, bank, or beachside/edge of water, depending on context.

A very common learner mistake is confusing:

• part = shore, bank
• párt = party, especially a political party

That long á changes the word completely, so pronunciation matters.

Nagyon means very. It intensifies közel.

So:

• közel = close, near
• nagyon közel = very close, very near

It works much like English very:

• nagyon jó = very good
• nagyon gyors = very fast

Közel means close/near. In sentences like this, it functions as a predicate expressing location or distance.

It is often best understood as near rather than as a typical descriptive adjective like big or beautiful.

That matters because Hungarian treats words like közel differently from ordinary adjectives in some sentence patterns.

For example:

• A ház nagy. = The house is big.
• A ház közel van. = The house is near.

In the second type, Hungarian uses van.

That is one of the most important questions here.

Hungarian often omits van in the present tense, third person singular, when the predicate is a noun or adjective:

• A ház nagy. = The house is big.
• Ő tanár. = He/She is a teacher.

But with expressions of location or position, van is normally kept:

• A part közel van.
• A bolt itt van. = The shop is here.
• A könyv az asztalon van. = The book is on the table.

So közel van behaves more like a locational expression than a simple adjective + omitted is structure.

The neutral word order is:

A part + nagyon közel van
subject + predicate

So this sentence is a straightforward, neutral statement.

Hungarian word order is flexible, though, and changes in word order often change emphasis rather than basic meaning.

For example, a different order might emphasize how close it is:

• Nagyon közel van a part.

That is still understandable, but A part nagyon közel van is the most neutral way to say it.

No. Part is in the basic form, which is the nominative.

Here it is the subject of the sentence, so no extra ending is needed:

• A part = the shore

If you wanted to say to the shore, then Hungarian would add an ending:

• a parthoz = to the shore

Notice that part changes to parthoz:

• part
  • -hoz/-hez/-höz

You usually use közel van plus the -hoz/-hez/-höz ending on the noun.

Examples:

• A part közel van a szállodához. = The shore is close to the hotel.
• Az iskola közel van a házhoz. = The school is close to the house.

So in your sentence, there is no explicit reference point. It just says that the shore is very close, with the comparison point understood from context.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• A = short aw
• part = similar to part, but with a shorter, clearer a
• nagyon = roughly naw-dyohn
• közel = roughly kuh-zel, but with ö, a rounded vowel not found naturally in standard English
• van = vawn

A few useful points:

• Stress in Hungarian normally falls on the first syllable of each word:
  • A PART NAGYon KÖzel VAN
• gy in nagyon is a soft consonant, somewhat like the dy sound in duke in some accents.
• ö in közel is like a rounded version of e. English speakers usually need practice with it.

Yes. Then it would simply be:

A part közel van.
= The shore is close / near.

Adding nagyon just makes it stronger:

• közel = close
• nagyon közel = very close

So nagyon is optional if you do not want that extra emphasis.