A veszélyes hulladék külön van.

A is the definite article, equivalent to the in English.

So:

• a veszélyes hulladék = the hazardous waste

Hungarian has two articles:

• a / az = the
• egy = a / an

Here, a is used because the sentence refers to a specific thing or category already identifiable in context: the hazardous waste.

Hungarian adjectives usually do not change to agree with the noun in gender, number, or case the way they do in many Indo-European languages.

So:

• veszélyes = hazardous / dangerous
• hulladék = waste

The adjective stays the same:

• veszélyes hulladék = hazardous waste
• veszélyes anyag = hazardous material
• veszélyes dolgok = dangerous things

This is normal in Hungarian: adjectives are generally invariable when directly modifying a noun.

Hulladék means waste, refuse, or trash, depending on context.

In this sentence, veszélyes hulladék is the standard expression for hazardous waste.

A few related words:

• szemét = garbage / trash, often more everyday
• hulladék = waste, often broader or more formal/technical
• veszélyes hulladék = hazardous waste

So this sentence sounds quite natural in contexts like recycling, disposal rules, storage, or workplace safety.

Here külön means separately, apart, or kept separate.

So the sentence means something like:

• The hazardous waste is separate.
• The hazardous waste is kept separately.
• Hazardous waste goes separately. (depending on context)

Külön can function in a few related ways, but in this sentence it expresses separation from other things.

Examples:

• A papír külön van. = The paper is separate.
• A gyerekek külön ülnek. = The children sit separately.
• Külön kérem. = I’d like it separately.

This is a very common learner question.

Hungarian often omits van (is) in the present tense, third person singular/plural, but not in every type of sentence.

For example, with a noun or adjective predicate, van is usually omitted:

• A ház nagy. = The house is big.
• Ő tanár. = He/she is a teacher.

But with many adverbial or locational expressions, van is kept:

• A könyv itt van. = The book is here.
• Apa otthon van. = Dad is at home.
• A veszélyes hulladék külön van. = The hazardous waste is separate / kept separately.

So külön behaves more like an adverbial expression here, which is why van remains.

Normally, no—not in standard neutral Hungarian.

Because külön here is functioning in a way that requires van, the natural form is:

• A veszélyes hulladék külön van.

Without van, it would sound incomplete or unnatural in ordinary usage.

This is different from sentences like:

• A hulladék veszélyes. = The waste is dangerous.

There, veszélyes is a straightforward adjective predicate, so the copula is omitted in present tense.

That contrast is very useful:

• A hulladék veszélyes. = The waste is dangerous.
• A hulladék külön van. = The waste is separate / kept apart.

It can suggest both, depending on context.

Literally, it is is separate. But in practical contexts—especially waste sorting, storage, household rules, workplace instructions—it often implies:

• is kept separately
• should be placed separately
• is stored apart

So if this appeared on a sign or in instructions, an English speaker might naturally interpret it as:

• Hazardous waste is kept separately.
• Put hazardous waste separately.

Hungarian often leaves this kind of practical implication to context.

Hulladék is commonly used as a singular mass noun, much like waste in English.

So:

• a veszélyes hulladék = the hazardous waste

This does not mean only one individual piece of waste. It can refer to waste in general, or to a whole category of material.

If Hungarian wanted to talk about multiple individual waste items in a more countable way, the wording would probably change, but in real usage hulladék as a mass noun is very normal here.

Yes, Külön van a veszélyes hulladék can work, but the emphasis changes.

The original:

• A veszélyes hulladék külön van.

This is a neutral statement about the hazardous waste: it is separate.

If you say:

• Külön van a veszélyes hulladék.

then the focus is more on külön — the fact that it is separate. This could sound like a correction, contrast, or emphasis, for example:

• Nem együtt van, külön van a veszélyes hulladék.
  The hazardous waste isn’t together with the rest; it’s separate.

So both are possible, but the original is the more neutral teaching example.

Not grammatically missing, but contextually implied.

Hungarian often leaves the exact details unstated when they are obvious from the situation. So:

• A veszélyes hulladék külön van.

can imply:

• it is in a separate container
• it is in a separate room
• it is sorted separately
• it is stored apart from other waste

The sentence is complete on its own. The listener fills in the practical meaning from context.

In Hungarian, the main stress is normally on the first syllable of each word.

So roughly:

• A
• VE-szé-lyes
• HUL-la-dék
• KÜ-lön
• VAN

A rough English-friendly approximation might be:

• aw VEH-say-yesh HOOL-law-dayk KOO-lon vahn

A few notes:

• sz is pronounced like English s
• s by itself is pronounced like English sh
• é is a long e sound
• ü has no exact English equivalent; it is like a front rounded vowel

Yes, it can sound natural, especially in context, though Hungarian signs often use even shorter or more label-like wording.

For example, you might also see:

• Veszélyes hulladék = Hazardous waste
• A veszélyes hulladékot külön kell gyűjteni. = Hazardous waste must be collected separately.
• A veszélyes hulladék külön gyűjtendő. = Hazardous waste is to be collected separately.

Your sentence is perfectly understandable and natural as a plain statement, especially if someone is explaining how things are organized.