השמאי בדק את הנזק לשמשה הקדמית.

ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, equivalent to the in English.

So:

• שמאי = an appraiser / an assessor
• השמאי = the appraiser / the assessor

In this sentence, the speaker is referring to a specific appraiser, not just any appraiser.

שמאי usually means appraiser, assessor, or adjuster, depending on context.

In an insurance or car-damage context, it often refers to the professional who inspects damage and estimates repair cost. So in this sentence, it is most naturally understood as an insurance assessor / appraiser.

את marks a definite direct object.

Here:

• בדק = checked / examined
• הנזק = the damage

Since the damage is the direct object of checked, Hebrew uses את before it:

• בדק את הנזק = checked the damage

Important: את usually does not get translated into English. It is a grammatical marker, not a word with a separate meaning here.

Because the noun phrase is definite.

In Hebrew, when a noun is definite and followed by an adjective, the adjective also becomes definite.

So:

• נזק = damage
• הנזק = the damage

And:

• קדמית = front / frontal
• הקדמית = the front / frontal one

Likewise:

• שמשה קדמית = a front windshield
• השמשה הקדמית = the front windshield

This is a very common Hebrew pattern:
definite noun + definite adjective

Here ל־ means something like to.

So:

• הנזק לשמשה הקדמית = the damage to the front windshield

This is a normal Hebrew way to express what something happened to:

• נזק ל־... = damage to ...
• פגיעה ב־... = injury/hit to/in ...
• בעיה ב־... = problem with/in ...

Because שמשה already has the definite article ה־ underneath, ל + ה combines into לַ in pronunciation and writing without showing a separate ה:

• ל + השמשה → לשמשה

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun, unlike in English.

So:

• English: the front windshield
• Hebrew: the windshield front

That sounds strange in English, but it is the normal Hebrew order.

A few examples:

• בית גדול = a big house
• מכונית חדשה = a new car
• השמשה הקדמית = the front windshield

Because שמשה is a feminine singular noun, and the adjective must agree with it.

So the adjective must also be:

• feminine
• singular
• definite

That gives:

• שמשה = feminine singular
• קדמית = feminine singular form of front/front-facing
• הקדמית = the feminine singular definite form

Compare:

• חלון קדמי = a front window (masculine noun)
• שמשה קדמית = a front windshield (feminine noun)

Yes. שמשה is the standard word for a pane of glass or window glass, and in vehicle contexts it commonly means windshield.

So:

• שמשה קדמית = front windshield
• שמשה אחורית = rear windshield / rear window

In everyday speech, people may also use other terms depending on context, but שמשה קדמית is standard and natural.

בדק means checked, examined, inspected, or tested, depending on context.

In this sentence, it suggests a professional inspection:

• השמאי בדק את הנזק = the appraiser inspected the damage

It comes from the root ב־ד־ק, which is related to checking or examining.

Some related forms:

• לבדוק = to check / to inspect
• בדיקה = a check / an inspection / a test

The sentence uses a very common Hebrew order:

• השמאי = subject
• בדק = verb
• את הנזק = direct object
• לשמשה הקדמית = prepositional phrase describing what the damage was to

So structurally, it is:

Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Prepositional phrase

Hebrew can be flexible with word order, but this order is natural and clear.

A natural pronunciation is roughly:

ha-sha-MAI ba-DAK et ha-NE-zek la-shim-SHA ha-kad-MIT

A few notes:

• השמאי has stress on the last syllable: sha-MAI
• בדק has stress on the second syllable: ba-DAK
• נזק is usually NE-zek
• שמשה is shim-SHA
• הקדמית is ha-kad-MIT

The ל in לשמשה is pronounced together with the noun: la-shimsha.