בחדר העבודה יש שולחן גדול ליד החלון.

בחדר העבודה means in the study / in the office.

Literally, it is:

• ב־ = in
• חדר = room
• העבודה = the work

So חדר העבודה is literally the room of the work, which Hebrew uses to mean the study or the office.

Why no ה on חדר? Because this is a construct chain (called סמיכות). In this pattern, the first noun usually does not take ה־, and the definiteness comes from the second noun. Since העבודה is definite, the whole phrase חדר העבודה is definite.

So:

• חדר עבודה = a work room / an office
• חדר העבודה = the work room / the office

And with the preposition:

• בחדר העבודה = in the office / in the study

יש is the normal Hebrew way to say there is or there are.

So:

• יש שולחן גדול = there is a big table

Hebrew does not use a separate word exactly like English there in this kind of sentence. Instead, יש itself expresses existence.

This is one of the most common patterns in Hebrew:

• יש ספר = There is a book
• יש ילדים בחדר = There are children in the room

In your sentence:

• בחדר העבודה יש שולחן גדול = In the office, there is a big table

Hebrew often puts the location first when introducing something that exists somewhere.

So this order is very natural:

• בחדר העבודה יש שולחן גדול
  = In the office, there is a big table

It sets the scene first, then tells you what is there.

You could also say something like:

• יש שולחן גדול בחדר העבודה

That is also understandable, but the version with the location first is very common and often sounds more natural when describing a place.

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun.

So:

• שולחן גדול = a big table
• literally: table big

This is normal Hebrew word order.

Also, the adjective must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness

Here:

• שולחן is masculine singular
• so the adjective is גדול, which is also masculine singular

Compare:

• שולחן גדול = a big table
• מיטה גדולה = a big bed
• שולחנות גדולים = big tables

Because שולחן here means a table, not the table.

So:

• שולחן גדול = a big table
• השולחן הגדול = the big table

In Hebrew, if the noun is definite, the adjective must also be definite.

Compare:

• שולחן גדול = a big table
• השולחן הגדול = the big table

So the sentence is talking about the existence of a big table, not a specific already-known table.

ליד means next to, beside, or by.

So:

• ליד החלון = next to the window

The noun חלון has ה־ because it is definite:

• חלון = a window
• החלון = the window

So:

• ליד חלון = next to a window
• ליד החלון = next to the window

A useful point: ליד is a separate preposition word, so the article stays on the noun:

• ליד החלון

This is different from one-letter prepositions like ב־, ל־, and כ־, which attach directly to the noun.

Not in the way English has it.

In Hebrew present-tense sentences, there is often no separate word for is / are.

For example:

• השולחן גדול = The table is big
• literally: the table big

But when Hebrew wants to say there is / there are, it uses יש:

• יש שולחן = There is a table

So in your sentence:

• יש does the job of there is
• there is no extra present-tense is needed

It can mean either, depending on context.

חדר העבודה is often used for:

• a study in a home
• an office
• a workroom

If the sentence is describing a home, study may sound more natural in English.
If it is describing a workplace, office may be better.

So both are reasonable translations.

A common pronunciation would be:

be-cheder ha-avoda yesh shulchan gadol leyad ha-chalon

A few pronunciation notes:

• ב in בחדר here sounds like b: be-
• ח in חדר and חלון is a throaty sound, like the ch in German Bach or Scottish loch
• יש sounds like yesh
• שולחן is roughly shul-KHAN
• ליד is le-YAD
• חלון is kha-LON

Because there is no definite direct object here.

את is used before a definite direct object after a verb:

• אני רואה את השולחן = I see the table

But יש is not a normal action verb taking a direct object in that way. It is an existential word meaning there is / there are.

So in:

• יש שולחן גדול ליד החלון

there is no place for את.

That is why the sentence does not say:

• יש את השולחן in this context

For learners, this is a very common thing to notice, so it is good to remember: יש usually does not use את the way action verbs do.