המורה כתבה כותרת חדשה על הלוח.

כתבה is the past tense, 3rd person singular feminine form of כתב (to write).

So this tells you that the subject is understood as feminine singular:

• המורה כתבה = the teacher (female) wrote
• המורה כתב = the teacher (male) wrote

In Hebrew, the verb often shows gender in the past tense.

Not by itself, necessarily. מורה can refer to a teacher of either sex in many contexts.

What makes it clearly female here is the verb כתבה. The verb agrees with the teacher, so we know the sentence means the female teacher wrote.

If it were a male teacher, the sentence would be:

• המורה כתב כותרת חדשה על הלוח.

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• כותרת חדשה = a new title / heading

This is the normal Hebrew order:

• noun + adjective

Compare:

• ספר חדש = a new book
• ילדה קטנה = a small girl
• כותרת חדשה = a new heading

Because כותרת is a feminine singular noun, and the adjective has to agree with it.

So:

• כותרת = feminine singular
• חדשה = feminine singular form of new

Agreement in Hebrew usually includes:

• gender
• number
• definiteness

For comparison:

• ספר חדש = a new book
• כותרת חדשה = a new title

Because את is usually used before a definite direct object, and כותרת חדשה is indefinite.

Here the sentence says:

• a new title / heading, not the new title / heading

So:

• כתבה כותרת חדשה = wrote a new heading

But if it were definite, you would say:

• המורה כתבה את הכותרת החדשה על הלוח.
• The teacher wrote the new heading on the board.

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

• מורה = a teacher / teacher
• המורה = the teacher

And:

• לוח = board
• הלוח = the board

Hebrew uses ה־ instead of a separate word like English the.

Because על (on) is a separate preposition, not one of the short prepositions that usually attach directly to the noun.

So Hebrew says:

• על הלוח = on the board

Compare that with short prepositions like:

• ב = in
• ל = to
• כ = as/like

Those often attach to the word:

• בבית = in a house / at home
• לבית = to a house

But על stays separate:

• על השולחן = on the table
• על הלוח = on the board

כותרת can mean:

• title
• heading
• headline

In this classroom sentence, heading or title is probably the most natural meaning.

So the sentence could be understood as something like:

• The teacher wrote a new heading on the board.

Yes, this word order is normal:

• המורה כתבה כותרת חדשה על הלוח.
• The teacher wrote a new heading on the board.

This is basically subject + verb + object + prepositional phrase.

Hebrew can sometimes vary word order for style or emphasis, but for learners this sentence is a very natural and useful pattern.

For example, a different order such as:

• כתבה המורה כותרת חדשה על הלוח is possible in some contexts, but it is less neutral for a beginner.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

ha-mo-RA kat-VA ko-TE-ret cha-da-SHA al ha-LU-ach

A few notes:

• Stress is usually near the end of the word:
  • moRA
  • katVA
  • cha-daSHA
  • LUach
• The ח sound in חדשה and לוח is a throaty sound that English does not really have.
• כותרת is pronounced roughly ko-TE-ret.

Here are some useful comparisons:

• המורה כתבה כותרת חדשה על הלוח.
  The female teacher wrote a new heading on the board.

• המורה כתב כותרת חדשה על הלוח.
  The male teacher wrote a new heading on the board.

• המורות כתבו כותרת חדשה על הלוח.
  The female teachers wrote a new heading on the board.

• המורים כתבו כותרת חדשה על הלוח.
  The teachers / the male teachers wrote a new heading on the board.

In the past tense, Hebrew verbs change according to person, number, and sometimes gender.