העובד החדש עדיין לא קיבל את המשכורת שלו.

Here it is a noun: employee / worker.

The form עובד can also be a verb form meaning working or works in some contexts, but in העובד החדש it clearly means the new employee.

Because Hebrew adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• עובד חדש = a new employee
• העובד החדש = the new employee

This is normal Hebrew word order.

Because in Hebrew, adjectives must match the noun in definiteness as well as gender and number.

So:

• עובד חדש = a new employee
• העובד החדש = the new employee

If the noun is definite, the adjective also becomes definite.

Because עובד is masculine singular, and the adjective must agree with it.

So:

• masculine singular: חדש
• feminine singular: חדשה
• masculine plural: חדשים
• feminine plural: חדשות

Here, העובד is one male employee, so חדש is the correct form.

It means still not or, more naturally in this sentence, not yet.

So:

• עדיין לא קיבל = still hasn’t received / hasn’t received yet

Both English translations can work, depending on style.

Yes. עוד לא is very common in everyday Hebrew and often means almost the same thing here.

So you could also say:

העובד החדש עוד לא קיבל את המשכורת שלו.

That would sound very natural.
Generally:

• עוד לא = very common, conversational
• עדיין לא = also common, sometimes slightly more explicit or a bit more formal

Because Hebrew often uses the simple past where English prefers the present perfect.

So לא קיבל is literally did not receive, but in context the best English is often:

• hasn’t received
• hasn’t received yet

That is a very normal difference between Hebrew and English.

The verb קיבל is third-person masculine singular, so it means he received.

Hebrew usually does not need a separate subject pronoun if the subject is already stated. In this sentence, the subject is already given:

העובד החדש = the new employee

So Hebrew does not need to add הוא.

את marks a definite direct object. It usually has no English translation.

Here, the thing being received is המשכורת שלו = his salary, which is definite/specific, so Hebrew uses את:

• קיבל את המשכורת שלו

You should think of את as a grammar marker, not as a word with its own meaning here.

In normal modern Hebrew, when you use של possession, the noun is usually made definite:

• המשכורת שלו = his salary
• הספר שלי = my book
• הבית שלהם = their house

So משכורת שלו would sound incomplete or nonstandard in ordinary modern Hebrew.

שלו means his.

Literally, it is something like of him. Hebrew often expresses possession with של + pronoun:

• שלי = my/mine
• שלך = your/yours
• שלו = his
• שלה = her/hers
• שלהם = their/theirs

So המשכורת שלו literally works like the salary of him, but in natural English that is simply his salary.

Grammatically, yes: שלו just means his, so context decides whose.

But in this sentence, the natural reading is that it refers back to העובד החדש. So the meaning is understood as:

The new employee still hasn’t received his salary.

משכורת usually means salary or pay.

Depending on context, English might also use paycheck, but the core meaning is the money a person is paid for their work.

A useful rough distinction is:

• משכורת = salary/pay, often for a salaried worker
• שכר = pay/wages in a broader sense

In this sentence, salary or pay works well.

Yes. משכורתו also means his salary.

But there is a difference in style:

• המשכורת שלו = the normal, everyday modern way
• משכורתו = more formal, literary, or written style

So in everyday speech, המשכורת שלו is much more common.

Yes. It is a noun phrase made of:

• העובד = the employee
• החדש = the new

Together they mean the new employee.

This is not a special construct form; it is just a regular noun + adjective phrase.

Some parts can move, but the original order is the most neutral and natural:

העובד החדש עדיין לא קיבל את המשכורת שלו.

You might sometimes hear slight changes for emphasis, but learners should treat this sentence as the standard pattern:

subject + עדיין לא + verb + את + object

That is a very useful model to remember.