אתן מתווכחות הרבה, או שאתן מדברות בשקט?

אתן is the you form used when speaking to two or more females.

So this sentence is addressed to a group of women or girls.
If you were speaking to a group of males, or to a mixed group, you would normally use אתם instead.

Hebrew often repeats the subject pronoun for clarity or contrast, especially when two alternatives are being compared.

So:

אתן מתווכחות הרבה, או שאתן מדברות בשקט?

feels like:

Are you arguing a lot, or are you speaking quietly?

The second אתן is not strictly always necessary in casual speech, but it makes the contrast clearer.

מתווכחות is the feminine plural present-tense form of להתווכח.

Because the subject is אתן (you, feminine plural), the verb must also be feminine plural.

So the agreement is:

• אתן מתווכחות = you women/girls argue / are arguing

It can mean either one.

In Hebrew present tense, the same form often covers both:

• you argue
• you are arguing

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English could translate it either way.

That is part of the normal present-tense pattern of this verb.

The verb is להתווכח = to argue.
Its present forms include:

• מתווכח — masculine singular
• מתווכחת — feminine singular
• מתווכחים — masculine plural
• מתווכחות — feminine plural

So the מ- here is not a separate word; it is part of the verb form.

Here הרבה means a lot.

After a verb, הרבה often works like an adverb:

• מדבר הרבה = talks a lot
• עובדות הרבה = work a lot
• מתווכחות הרבה = argue a lot

Depending on context, it can sometimes feel close to often, but a lot is the basic idea here.

The ש is the conjunction ש־, which often means that, but in sentences like this it can simply link the next clause.

So:

• או = or
• שאתן = that you / you

In natural English, we usually do not translate that ש־ directly here.
So או שאתן מדברות בשקט is just or (that) you are speaking quietly → more naturally, or are you speaking quietly.

מדברות is the feminine plural present-tense form of לדבר = to speak / to talk.

Because the subject is אתן, the verb must match it:

• אתן מדברות = you women/girls speak / are speaking

בשקט means quietly, softly, or literally in quiet.

It is made of:

• ב־ = in / with
• שקט = quiet / silence

So מדברות בשקט means speaking quietly or talking softly.

No. Hebrew does not normally use a separate word for am / is / are in the present tense.

So Hebrew says:

• אתן מדברות
  literally: you speaking

but it means:

• you speak
• you are speaking

This is completely normal in Hebrew.

Yes, often they could.

A Hebrew speaker might also say:

מתווכחות הרבה, או שמדברות בשקט?

Because the verb endings already show feminine plural, the subject is often understood.

However, keeping אתן makes the sentence clearer and a bit more emphatic.

It is specifically feminine.

Both the pronoun and the verbs are feminine plural:

• אתן
• מתווכחות
• מדברות

If you were speaking to men or a mixed group, you would normally say:

אתם מתווכחים הרבה, או שאתם מדברים בשקט?