הדיירת בקומה הראשונה שומעת כל רעש במסדרון.

הדיירת means the female tenant. The ending -ת is a common feminine ending in Hebrew nouns.

• דייר = a male tenant / tenant (masculine form)
• דיירת = a female tenant

The ה- at the beginning is the definite article, meaning the. So הדיירת = the female tenant.

The prefix ה- means the. Hebrew uses it much like English uses the.

So:

• דיירת = a female tenant
• הדיירת = the female tenant

If the sentence had דיירת בקומה הראשונה..., that would sound more like a tenant on the first floor...

It literally means on the first floor or in the first-floor level, depending on context.

Breakdown:

• ב־ = in / on
• קומה = floor, story
• הראשונה = the first

So בקומה הראשונה is on the first floor.

In natural English we usually say on the first floor, even though Hebrew uses ב־, which often covers both in and on.

This is just the normal preposition ב־ attached to the noun:

• קומה = floor
• בקומה = on/in a floor

But here the phrase is actually definite because of הראשונה and because Hebrew definite noun phrases usually make the noun definite too. In fully pointed Hebrew, בקומה הראשונה is understood as בקומה הראשונה with definiteness in the phrase. In everyday unpointed writing, this is standard.

A very important thing to notice is that Hebrew often attaches prepositions directly to words:

• ב + קומה → בקומה

Because קומה is a feminine noun, and adjectives and ordinal numbers must agree with it in gender and number.

• קומה = feminine singular
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular: ראשונה

With the definite article:

• הקומה הראשונה = the first floor

Compare:

• החדר הראשון = the first room
• הקומה הראשונה = the first floor

So ראשון is masculine, and ראשונה is feminine.

Because the subject הדיירת is feminine singular, and the present-tense verb must agree with it.

The verb is from לשמוע = to hear.

Present tense forms:

• שומע = hearing / hears (masculine singular)
• שומעת = hearing / hears (feminine singular)
• שומעים = hearing / hear (masculine plural or mixed plural)
• שומעות = hearing / hear (feminine plural)

Since the subject is הדיירת, the sentence uses שומעת.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Hebrew present tense often covers both:

• she hears
• she is hearing

In this sentence, the natural meaning is usually habitual or general:

• The tenant on the first floor hears every noise in the hallway.

So English usually translates it with the simple present, hears.

Because שומעת is already a full verb meaning hears / is hearing. Hebrew does not need an extra word like is here.

English:

• She is hearing or she hears

Hebrew:

• היא שומעת

The verb itself carries the meaning. There is no helping verb needed in this sentence.

כל רעש means every noise or any noise in a general sense.

• כל רעש = every noise / any noise
• כל הרעש = all the noise

These are different meanings.

In this sentence, כל רעש במסדרון means she hears each noise / any noise in the hallway. It is about individual sounds in general, not the total amount of noise as a whole.

So:

• שומעת כל רעש = hears every noise
• שומעת את כל הרעש = hears all the noise

Because את is normally used before a definite direct object.

Examples:

• אני שומע רעש = I hear a noise
• אני שומע את הרעש = I hear the noise

Here, כל רעש is not being treated as a definite noun phrase in the same way as הרעש would be, so את is not used.

That is why the sentence has:

• שומעת כל רעש

not:

• שומעת את כל רעש

If the meaning were all the noise, then you would typically get:

• שומעת את כל הרעש

במסדרון means in the hallway or in the corridor.

It is made of:

• ב־ = in
• המסדרון = the hallway

When ב־ combines with ה־, it contracts:

• ב + המסדרון → במסדרון

This is very common in Hebrew:

• בבית = in the house
• בחדר = in the room
• במסדרון = in the hallway

So the מ is part of מסדרון, and the ב is the preposition attached to it.

Yes, Hebrew can sometimes use different word orders, but this sentence uses a very common and natural pattern:

subject + description + verb + object + location

Breakdown:

• הדיירת בקומה הראשונה = the tenant on the first floor
• שומעת = hears
• כל רעש = every noise
• במסדרון = in the hallway

This order is straightforward and neutral.

A verb-first order is possible in some contexts, especially in literary style or when emphasizing the action, but for everyday Hebrew this sentence is very natural as written.

It describes הדיירת.

So the meaning is:

• The tenant who is on the first floor hears every noise in the hallway.

It does not mean that she hears the noises while on the first floor as a separate action detail. Instead, it identifies which tenant we are talking about.

You can think of it like:

• the tenant on the first floor

This whole phrase is the subject.

מסדרון is masculine.

You can often tell from agreement in other sentences:

• מסדרון ארוך = a long hallway
• המסדרון הארוך = the long hallway

Here you do not see adjective agreement, but it is useful to know the noun’s gender for making your own sentences.

Yes. Depending on context, כל רעש can feel like:

• every noise
• any noise

In this sentence, the idea is that the tenant is so sensitive or the building is so noisy that she hears even the smallest sound in the hallway. So in English, both of these can work depending on tone:

• The tenant on the first floor hears every noise in the hallway.
• The tenant on the first floor hears any noise in the hallway.

Usually every noise is the most direct translation.

You would change the subject noun and the verb form to masculine:

• הדייר בקומה הראשונה שומע כל רעש במסדרון.

Changes:

• הדיירת → הדייר
• שומעת → שומע

Everything else stays the same.

It is an ordinal number, which behaves like an adjective.

Ordinal numbers are words like:

• first
• second
• third

In Hebrew, they agree with the noun in gender and number, just like adjectives do.

So:

• ראשון = first (masculine singular)
• ראשונה = first (feminine singular)

Since קומה is feminine singular, Hebrew uses הראשונה.