הרוטב הזה טעים יותר מהרוטב שקנינו בסופרמרקט בשבוע שעבר.

In the present tense, Hebrew usually leaves out the verb to be.

So הרוטב הזה טעים literally looks like this sauce tasty, but it means this sauce is tasty.

This is completely normal in Hebrew.
You would only use forms of to be in the past, future, or in certain special structures.

Because Hebrew normally says noun + this/that when the demonstrative describes the noun directly.

• הרוטב הזה = this sauce
• הילד ההוא = that boy

If you say זה הרוטב, that usually means this is the sauce or that is the sauce, not this sauce.

So in this sentence, הרוטב הזה is the normal way to say this sauce.

Hebrew demonstratives like הזה / הזאת / האלה / ההוא usually go with a definite noun.

So:

• רוטב הזה would sound wrong
• הרוטב הזה = this sauce

This is different from English, where this sauce does not need a separate the. In Hebrew, the noun is usually definite when it is followed by this/that.

Because רוטב is a masculine singular noun, and adjectives must agree with the noun in gender and number.

• masculine singular: טעים
• feminine singular: טעימה
• masculine plural: טעימים
• feminine plural: טעימות

Since רוטב is masculine singular, טעים is the correct form.

Hebrew uses the pattern:

adjective + יותר + מ־

So here:

• טעים = tasty
• יותר = more
• מ־ = than / from

Together:

טעים יותר מהרוטב... = tastier than the sauce...

The מ־ is attached directly to the next word, so מ־ + הרוטב becomes מהרוטב.

Yes, Hebrew speakers do use both patterns, but טעים יותר is a very common and natural comparative structure, especially in careful or textbook-style Hebrew.

So:

• טעים יותר מהרוטב ההוא = very standard
• יותר טעים מהרוטב ההוא = also heard, especially in speech

This sentence uses the very common pattern adjective + יותר + מ־.

Because the second sauce is also specific: it is the sauce that we bought at the supermarket last week.

Hebrew often uses the + noun + relative clause for this:

• הרוטב שקנינו = the sauce that we bought

The relative clause שקנינו... identifies which sauce is meant, so the noun is definite.

שקנינו is made of two parts:

• ש־ = that / which
• קנינו = we bought

So:

שקנינו = that we bought

This is a very common Hebrew pattern. Instead of using a separate full word for that, Hebrew often attaches ש־ directly to the next word.

קנינו is the past tense, first person plural form of the verb לקנות = to buy.

The base idea is קנה = bought / buy in dictionary-related forms, and the ending ־נו marks we in the past tense.

So:

• קניתי = I bought
• קנית = you bought
• קנה / קנתה = he bought / she bought
• קנינו = we bought

That is why שקנינו means that we bought.

Because prepositions like ב־ (in / at), ל־ (to), and מ־ (from) are usually attached directly to the following word in Hebrew.

So:

• ב + סופרמרקט → בסופרמרקט

Also, when ב־ combines with ה־ (the), the result is still written together in normal unpointed Hebrew. So בסופרמרקט can represent in the supermarket / at the supermarket depending on context.

This is very normal Hebrew spelling.

Because everyday Hebrew usually uses the short prefix ש־ as its main relative marker.

So English:

• the sauce that we bought

becomes Hebrew:

• הרוטב שקנינו

A more formal alternative is אשר, but that sounds much more formal or literary:

• הרוטב אשר קנינו

In normal speech and writing, ש־ is the usual choice.

Literally, it is something like in the week that passed or in the past week, but the natural meaning is last week.

Breakdown:

• ב־ = in / during
• שבוע = week
• שעבר = passed / that passed

The word שעבר comes from the verb לעבור = to pass.

So Hebrew expresses last week with the idea of the week that passed.

Because in Hebrew, descriptive words usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• שבוע שעבר = last week
  literally, week passed

This is the normal Hebrew order. English often puts modifiers before the noun, but Hebrew often puts them after it.

It breaks down like this:

• הרוטב הזה = this sauce
• טעים יותר = is tastier / more tasty
• מהרוטב = than the sauce
• שקנינו = that we bought
• בסופרמרקט = at/in the supermarket
• בשבוע שעבר = last week

So the structure is:

[this sauce] + [is tastier] + [than the sauce] + [that we bought at the supermarket last week]

A very literal gloss would be:

The-sauce this tasty more than-the-sauce that-we-bought in-the-supermarket in-the-week passed.

That may feel backwards compared to English in a few places, but it is normal Hebrew word order.