היא יושבת בכיתה ליד הלוח וכותבת על דף נקי.

Because the subject is היא (she), and both verbs are in the feminine singular present form.

In Modern Hebrew, present-tense verb forms agree with gender and number:

• יושב / כותב = masculine singular
• יושבת / כותבת = feminine singular
• יושבים / כותבים = masculine plural
• יושבות / כותבות = feminine plural

So with היא, you use:

• היא יושבת
• היא כותבת

These come from the verbs:

• לשבת = to sit
• לכתוב = to write

It can mean either one.

Hebrew does not normally make a separate grammatical distinction between:

• she sits
• she is sitting

The plain present tense can cover both meanings, and context tells you which one is meant.

So היא יושבת בכיתה could mean:

• She sits in the classroom
• She is sitting in the classroom

In this sentence, English would often naturally translate it as is sitting because it describes an ongoing scene.

Yes, it could be omitted in the right context, but in the present tense Hebrew often uses the pronoun because the verb form does not show person clearly.

For example, יושבת could mean:

• she sits / is sitting
• you (feminine singular) sit / are sitting
• I (if spoken by a woman) sit / am sitting

So היא helps make the subject clear.

• היא יושבת... = clear and natural
• יושבת... = possible if the context already makes it obvious who is being talked about

Because in Hebrew, some prepositions merge with the definite article ה־.

Here the preposition is ב־ = in.

So:

• ב + כיתה = בכיתה = in a classroom
• ב + הכיתה = also written בכיתה = in the classroom

In unpointed modern Hebrew, both are spelled the same: בכיתה.

So the form בכיתה can be understood from context as either:

• in a classroom
• in the classroom

This same kind of merging also happens with ל־ and כ־.

ליד means next to, beside, or by.

So:

• ליד הלוח = next to the board

It is a very common preposition in Hebrew.

Examples:

• ליד הבית = next to the house
• ליד השולחן = by the table

In this sentence, it tells you where she is sitting.

Because הלוח is definite, while דף is indefinite.

• הלוח = the board
• דף = a sheet of paper / paper

So the sentence refers to:

• a specific board: הלוח
• a non-specific clean sheet: דף נקי

This is very typical in Hebrew. Also remember: if a noun is definite and it has an adjective, the adjective also becomes definite:

• דף נקי = a clean sheet
• הדף הנקי = the clean sheet

Because when Hebrew talks about physically writing on paper, it normally uses על (on).

• לכתוב על דף = to write on a sheet of paper

That matches the physical idea of writing on the surface.

בדף can appear in other contexts, but for the act of writing, על דף is the most natural expression.

So here:

• כותבת על דף נקי = writing on a clean sheet of paper

Because in Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• דף נקי = a clean sheet
• literally: sheet clean

This is normal Hebrew word order.

More examples:

• בית גדול = a big house
• ילדה קטנה = a small girl

English usually puts the adjective first, but Hebrew usually puts it after the noun.

Because דף is a masculine singular noun, so the adjective must match it.

Hebrew adjectives agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness

So:

• דף נקי = masculine singular
• מחברת נקייה = feminine singular
• דפים נקיים = masculine plural
• מחברות נקיות = feminine plural

Since דף is masculine singular, נקי is the correct form.

In Hebrew, ו־ means and, and it is normally attached directly to the following word.

So:

• ו + כותבת = וכותבת

This is completely normal Hebrew spelling.

Also, Hebrew does not need to repeat the subject here:

• היא יושבת... וכותבת...

That is like saying:

• She is sitting ... and writing ...

You could say:

• היא יושבת... והיא כותבת...

but repeating היא is not necessary unless you want extra emphasis or a slightly different rhythm.

לוח is a general word meaning board, panel, or tablet.

In a classroom context, הלוח usually means the classroom board. In English, that might be:

• the board
• the blackboard
• the whiteboard

If Hebrew wants to be more specific, it can say things like:

• לוח מחיק = whiteboard
• לוח וגיר = chalkboard / board used with chalk

So in this sentence, הלוח most naturally means the board in the classroom.

The word order here is very natural and straightforward:

• היא = subject
• יושבת = first present-tense verb
• בכיתה ליד הלוח = location
• וכותבת = second present-tense verb
• על דף נקי = where she is writing

So the structure is basically:

She + is sitting + in the classroom next to the board + and writing + on a clean sheet of paper

Hebrew word order can sometimes be flexible, but this version sounds smooth and standard.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

hi yoshevet ba-kita leyad ha-luach ve-kotevet al daf naki

A few notes:

• היא = hi
• יושבת = yoshevet
• בכיתה = ba-kita or be-kita, depending on analysis and pronunciation style
• ליד = leyad
• הלוח = ha-luach
• וכותבת = ve-kotevet
• דף = daf
• נקי = naki

The sound written ח in לוח is a throaty sound that English does not really have. In many modern Israeli accents, it is pronounced similarly to כ/ך without a dagesh.