אני שומרת כיסא אחד פנוי, כדי שסבתא תשב ליד החלון.

Because שומרת is the feminine singular present-tense form.

The subject is אני = I, and in Hebrew the present tense usually agrees with the speaker’s gender:

• אני שומר = I am keeping / reserving (male speaker)
• אני שומרת = I am keeping / reserving (female speaker)

So this sentence is being said by a woman or girl.

Literally, the verb לשמור often means to guard, to keep, or to watch over. But in everyday Hebrew it can also mean to save, to keep available, or to reserve something.

Here, אני שומרת כיסא אחד פנוי means something like:

• I’m keeping one seat free
• I’m saving one seat
• I’m reserving one seat

So it does not mean the speaker is physically guarding the chair like a security guard. It means she is leaving it available for someone.

In Hebrew, את is used before a definite direct object.

Here, כיסא אחד פנוי means one empty chair / one seat free, which is indefinite, not the chair or that chair.

Compare:

• אני שומרת כיסא אחד פנוי = I’m keeping one empty chair free
• אני שומרת את הכיסא הפנוי = I’m keeping the empty chair

So there is no את because the object is not definite.

In Hebrew, the number one usually comes after the noun.

So:

• כיסא אחד = one chair
• ילד אחד = one boy
• ילדה אחת = one girl

This is different from English, where one comes before the noun.

Also notice agreement:

• כיסא is masculine, so: אחד
• a feminine noun would use אחת

פנוי means free, empty, or available.

It agrees with כיסא, which is a masculine singular noun:

• כיסא פנוי = an empty/free chair
• מיטה פנויה = an available bed
• מקומות פנויים = available places/seats

So פנוי is masculine singular because כיסא is masculine singular.

Hebrew often places descriptive adjectives after the noun.

So the structure is:

• כיסא = chair
• אחד = one
• פנוי = free / empty / available

Together: כיסא אחד פנוי = one empty chair / one chair free

This is natural Hebrew word order. English would usually put empty/free before the noun, but Hebrew puts the adjective after the noun.

כדי ש־ means so that, in order that, or so ... can.

It introduces a purpose clause.

So:

• כדי שסבתא תשב ליד החלון = so that Grandma can sit by the window

This is a very common structure in Hebrew when one action is done for the purpose of another action.

Because the little word ש־ is often attached directly to the next word as a prefix.

So:

• כדי ש + סבתא becomes כדי שסבתא

This attached ש־ means that in this kind of structure.

You may think of it as:

• כדי ש... = so that ...
• כדי שסבתא... = so that Grandma ...

This is standard Hebrew spelling.

After כדי ש־, Hebrew normally uses the future tense to express the intended or expected action.

So:

• כדי שסבתא תשב = so that Grandma will sit / can sit

Even though English often says can sit or just sit, Hebrew uses a future form here.

תשב is the 3rd person feminine singular future form of לשבת (to sit), because סבתא is feminine.

Because יושבת is a present-tense form, while after כדי ש־ Hebrew usually wants the future.

Compare:

• סבתא יושבת ליד החלון = Grandma is sitting by the window
• כדי שסבתא תשב ליד החלון = so that Grandma can/will sit by the window

So תשב is the correct form for a purpose clause here.

In Hebrew future tense, the prefix ת־ can mark several forms, including:

• she
• you (masculine singular)
• you (feminine singular, with different patterns in some verbs)

Here, context tells us that תשב means she will sit, because the subject is סבתא.

So:

• סבתא תשב = Grandma will sit

This is normal Hebrew grammar.

ליד means next to, beside, or by.

So:

• ליד החלון = by the window / next to the window

It is a very common preposition.

Examples:

• ליד הדלת = by the door
• ליד הבית = next to the house
• אני יושב לידך = I’m sitting next to you

Because החלון means the window.

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, like English the.

So:

• חלון = a window
• החלון = the window

In this sentence, it sounds like a specific window is meant, not just any window.

Sometimes yes, but not as naturally in this sentence.

Hebrew often uses כדי + infinitive when the subject of both actions is the same:

• אני לומדת כדי להצליח = I study in order to succeed

But here the first subject is אני and the second subject is סבתא. Since the subject changes, Hebrew normally uses כדי ש־ + a conjugated verb:

• אני שומרת כיסא אחד פנוי, כדי שסבתא תשב...

That is the natural choice here.

סבתא literally means grandmother, but in everyday use it often feels closer to grandma or granny, depending on tone and family style.

So in this sentence, סבתא most naturally feels like Grandma in English.

The comma separates the main clause from the purpose clause:

• אני שומרת כיסא אחד פנוי
• כדי שסבתא תשב ליד החלון

In modern Hebrew writing, this comma is very natural and helps readability. You may sometimes see punctuation vary a little, but here the comma is perfectly normal.

Yes. In many contexts, כיסא literally means chair, but it can also be understood as seat.

In this sentence, English might naturally say:

• I’m keeping one chair free
• I’m saving one seat

Both fit the Hebrew well, depending on context.