הוא קונה את הספר בחנות.

It is the Hebrew definite article, equivalent to the.

So:

• ספר = book
• הספר = the book

Unlike English, Hebrew usually adds the as a prefix to the noun instead of writing it as a separate word.

Here את is the direct object marker. It comes before a definite direct object, in this case הספר.

So את הספר marks the book as the thing being bought.

It usually is not translated into English. It is there for grammar, not meaning.

Also, this is not the same as the preposition את meaning with. In unpointed Hebrew they look the same, but here the grammar clearly shows it is the direct object marker.

Because הספר is the direct object of the verb קונה, while בחנות is not an object at all.

• הספר = the thing he buys
• בחנות = the place where the action happens

Hebrew uses את before a definite direct object, but not before a location phrase like in the store.

The ב at the beginning is the preposition in / at, and in Hebrew this kind of short preposition is usually attached directly to the following word.

So:

• חנות = store, shop
• בחנות = in a store / in the store

This is very normal in Hebrew. Prepositions like ב, ל, and כ are often attached as prefixes.

Because in Hebrew, when the definite article ה comes after certain one-letter prepositions such as ב, ל, and כ, it usually merges with them instead of staying separate.

So:

• ב + חנות = in a store
• ב + ה + חנות = in the store

In unpointed writing, both are written בחנות, so you do not see a separate ה.

Yes. In ordinary unpointed Hebrew, בחנות can represent either one.

You usually know which meaning is intended from:

• context
• the translation given in the lesson
• vowel marks, if the text has them

So if your lesson gives the meaning in the store, read it that way. If it gives in a store, that is also possible from the same spelling.

Hebrew present tense often covers both meanings:

• he buys
• he is buying

So קונה can describe either a habitual action or an action happening now. Context tells you which one is meant.

Hebrew does not need a separate word like English is here. The present-tense verb form already does the job.

Sometimes yes, but in the present tense Hebrew often keeps the subject pronoun for clarity.

That is because present-tense forms usually show gender and number, but not clearly person. For example, קונה by itself could mean:

• I buy / am buying
• you buy / are buying
• he buys / is buying

depending on context.

So in a full standalone sentence, הוא helps make the subject clear.

קונה is the present tense, masculine singular form of the verb from the root ק-נ-ה.

It matches הוא, which is also masculine singular.

A useful thing to know is that in the Hebrew present tense, verbs agree mainly in gender and number, not in person the way English verbs do. So:

• אני קונה
• אתה קונה
• הוא קונה

can all use the same masculine singular form.

Also, in unpointed writing, the feminine singular is often written the same way:

• היא קונה

but it is pronounced differently.

Yes. This is a very natural, neutral word order:

subject + verb + object + place

So:

• הוא = subject
• קונה = verb
• את הספר = object
• בחנות = place

Hebrew can change the order for emphasis, but this version is a standard everyday pattern.

You would normally remove the definiteness from book, and that also means removing את:

הוא קונה ספר בחנות.

Why?

• ספר = a book / book
• הספר = the book
• את is used with a definite direct object, so it disappears when the object is indefinite

The same issue can apply to בחנות: without vowel marks, it can still be read as either in a store or in the store, depending on context.

A common pronunciation is:

hu koNE et haSEfer be-khaNUT
or
hu koNE et haSEfer ba-khaNUT

The difference between be-khaNUT and ba-khaNUT depends on whether the meaning is:

• in a store = be-khaNUT
• in the store = ba-khaNUT

A few pronunciation notes:

• הוא = hu
• קונה = koNE
• הספר = haSEfer
• ח in חנות is a throaty kh sound, not English ch as in chair.