מפקח הבנייה בודק את הרובה ואת הטיח.

This is a construct chain in Hebrew, called סמיכות.

• מפקח = inspector / supervisor
• הבנייה = the construction

When two nouns are put together like this, the first noun becomes linked to the second:

• מפקח הבנייה = inspector of the construction
• In natural English, that becomes the construction inspector

A key point: the whole phrase is definite because the second noun has ה־.

So:

• מפקח בנייה = a construction inspector
• מפקח הבנייה = the construction inspector

מפקח comes from the root פ־ק־ח and means inspector, supervisor, or overseer, depending on context.

In this sentence, מפקח הבנייה is someone who inspects building work, so construction inspector is the most natural translation.

It is a masculine singular noun.

The verb בודק is the present tense, masculine singular form of לבדוק = to check / inspect / examine.

It matches the subject:

• מפקח = masculine singular
• so the verb is בודק

Other possible forms would be:

• בודקת = feminine singular
• בודקים = masculine plural / mixed plural
• בודקות = feminine plural

So מפקח הבנייה בודק = the construction inspector checks / is checking

Hebrew present tense often covers both English checks and is checking.

את marks a definite direct object.

In this sentence, the things being checked are:

• הרובה
• הטיח

Both are definite because they have ה־ (the), so Hebrew uses את before them.

That is why you get:

• בודק את הרובה
• ואת הטיח

Important: את usually is not translated into English. It is a grammar marker, not a word with a separate meaning here.

Compare:

• בודק רובה = checks grout / a rifle? (indefinite, depending on context)
• בודק את הרובה = checks the grout / the rifle

ואת is just:

• ו־ = and
• את = marker of a definite direct object

So ואת הטיח means and the plaster, with the direct-object marker included.

Since הטיח is also definite, את is needed there too.

Structure:

• בודק את הרובה ואת הטיח
• checks the grout and the plaster

Repeating את before each definite object is normal and standard Hebrew.

Yes. רובה can mean two different things:

• rifle
• grout

They are spelled the same way: רובה

In this sentence, because the context is construction:

• מפקח הבנייה
• הטיח = the plaster

the meaning is clearly the grout, not the rifle.

This is a good example of how Hebrew sometimes relies on context to distinguish meanings.

טיח means plaster or render, especially in a construction context.

So:

• הטיח = the plaster

It is a masculine noun. In this sentence, it is another thing the inspector is checking.

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

• רובה = grout / rifle
• הרובה = the grout / the rifle

and

• טיח = plaster
• הטיח = the plaster

Because the sentence refers to specific things, Hebrew uses the definite article on both nouns.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

mefakeaḥ ha-bniyá bodek et ha-rová ve-et ha-tíaḥ

A few notes:

• מפקח = me-fa-KE-aḥ
  The last sound, ḥ, is the throaty Hebrew ח
• הבנייה = ha-bni-YA
• בודק = bo-DEK
• הרובה = ha-ro-VA
• הטיח = ha-TI-aḥ

The stress is usually near the end in several of these words.

Yes. בודק is present tense.

Hebrew present tense often corresponds to both of these English ideas:

• checks
• is checking

So this sentence could mean either:

• The construction inspector checks the grout and the plaster
• The construction inspector is checking the grout and the plaster

The exact English choice depends on context.

Yes. A more word-for-word breakdown is:

• מפקח הבנייה = inspector of the construction
• בודק = checks / is checking
• את הרובה = the grout
• ואת הטיח = and the plaster

So the literal structure is:

The inspector of the construction checks the grout and the plaster.

But in natural English, the construction inspector sounds much better.