השוכר מגיש תביעה קטנה בגלל שהמשכיר הפר את ההסכם.

They are related words:

• השוכר = the tenant / the renter
• המשכיר = the landlord / the person renting it out

They come from the same general idea of renting, but they describe opposite roles:

• שוכר = someone who rents for himself
• משכיר = someone who rents something to someone else

A useful pattern to notice is that מ־ at the beginning of a word often helps form a word for the person doing a certain action. So משכיר is the one who lets/rents out.

The ה is the definite article, like the in English.

So:

• שוכר = a tenant / renter
• השוכר = the tenant / renter

And:

• משכיר = a landlord / lessor
• המשכיר = the landlord / lessor

In this sentence, we are talking about specific people, so Hebrew uses ה־.

מגיש is the present tense masculine singular form of להגיש, which means to submit, to file, or to present.

Here it means files or is filing.

So:

• להגיש = to file / submit
• מגיש = filing / files / is filing

Modern Hebrew often uses the present tense for actions happening now or in a general present-time situation.

Because it agrees with השוכר, which is grammatically masculine singular.

Hebrew present-tense verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

So here:

• השוכר מגיש = the male tenant files

If the subject were feminine, it would change:

• השוכרת מגישה = the female tenant files

Literally, it means small claim or small lawsuit, and in natural legal English it usually corresponds to a small claims case/claim.

Breakdown:

• תביעה = claim / lawsuit
• קטנה = small

Because תביעה is a feminine singular noun, the adjective must also be feminine singular:

• קטן = masculine singular
• קטנה = feminine singular

So תביעה קטנה is a good example of adjective agreement in Hebrew.

Because in Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun.

So:

• תביעה קטנה = small claim
• literally: claim small

This is normal Hebrew word order for noun + adjective.

Also, when the noun is definite, the adjective usually becomes definite too. For example:

• התביעה הקטנה = the small claim

But in your sentence it is תביעה קטנה, which is indefinite: a small claim.

בגלל ש־ means because.

Here:

• בגלל = because of
• ש־ = that / which / introducing a clause

Together, בגלל ש־ introduces a full clause:

• בגלל שהמשכיר הפר את ההסכם = because the landlord breached the agreement

A useful distinction:

• בגלל
  • noun
    
    • בגלל ההפרה = because of the breach
• בגלל ש־
  • full sentence/clause
    
    • בגלל שהמשכיר הפר... = because the landlord breached...

In everyday Hebrew, בגלל ש־ is very common.

הפר is the past tense masculine singular form of להפר, which means to violate, to breach, or to break an agreement/rule.

So:

• להפר הסכם = to breach an agreement
• הפר = breached / violated

It matches המשכיר, which is masculine singular.

Because the sentence describes two different times:

• השוכר מגיש תביעה קטנה = the tenant is filing / files a small claim now
• שהמשכיר הפר את ההסכם = the landlord breached the agreement earlier

So the current legal action is happening because of an earlier event.

This kind of tense combination is very natural in Hebrew.

את marks a definite direct object.

It does not mean with here.
It is the special object marker used before a direct object that is definite.

So:

• הפר את ההסכם = breached the agreement

Why is את needed?

• the verb הפר takes a direct object
• ההסכם is definite because it has ה־
• therefore Hebrew uses את

Compare:

• הוא הפר הסכם = he breached an agreement
  no את, because it is indefinite
• הוא הפר את ההסכם = he breached the agreement
  את appears because it is definite

ההסכם means the agreement.

• הסכם = agreement
• ההסכם = the agreement

It is similar to חוזה (contract), but not always identical in nuance:

• הסכם often means agreement
• חוזה often means contract

In many legal or practical contexts, they can overlap a lot. In this sentence, ההסכם works very naturally for the agreement between tenant and landlord.

Yes. This is very normal modern Hebrew word order:

• השוכר = subject
• מגיש = verb
• תביעה קטנה = object
• בגלל שהמשכיר הפר את ההסכם = reason clause

So the structure is basically:

Subject + verb + object + reason

That is one of the most common sentence patterns in Modern Hebrew.

Sometimes yes, but the feel is a little different.

• כי = because / that
• בגלל ש־ = because

In everyday spoken Hebrew, בגלל ש־ is very common and natural here.
כי is also possible in many contexts, but it can sound a little different in tone or register depending on the sentence.

For this sentence, בגלל ש־ clearly expresses because the landlord breached the agreement and sounds very idiomatic.

The nouns and present-tense verbs would change to match gender.

For a female tenant:

• השוכרת מגישה תביעה קטנה בגלל שהמשכיר הפר את ההסכם.

For a female landlord:

• השוכר מגיש תביעה קטנה בגלל שהמשכירה הפרה את ההסכם.

Notice the changes:

• השוכר → השוכרת
• מגיש → מגישה
• המשכיר → המשכירה
• הפר → הפרה

Hebrew regularly marks gender this way.

A very literal breakdown would be:

• The tenant files a small claim because the landlord breached the agreement.

That is already pretty understandable in English, but depending on context, a more natural legal-English interpretation might be:

• The tenant is filing a small claims case because the landlord breached the agreement.
• The tenant files a small claim because the landlord violated the agreement.

So when reading Hebrew, it helps to understand both:

• the literal structure
• the natural English equivalent