אסור לשוכר להפר את ההסכם.

Because Hebrew usually omits to be in the present tense.

So אסור לשוכר להפר את ההסכם is literally something like:

• forbidden
• for/to the tenant
• to violate
• the agreement

But natural English adds is: The tenant is not allowed to violate the agreement.

אסור means forbidden, not allowed, or prohibited.

In this kind of sentence, אסור + ל־ + person + infinitive means:

• someone is not allowed to do something
• or it is forbidden for someone to do something

So:

• אסור לשוכר להפר... = The tenant is not allowed to violate...

A useful thing to know: אסור is very commonly used in everyday Hebrew for rules and prohibitions, for example:

• אסור לעשן = Smoking is forbidden / You must not smoke
• אסור להיכנס = Entry is forbidden / Do not enter

With אסור, Hebrew normally marks the person affected with ל־.

So:

• לשוכר literally means to/for the tenant
• but in smoother English it becomes the tenant is not allowed...

This is a very common Hebrew pattern:

• מותר לי = I am allowed
• אסור לך = You are not allowed
• אסור לשוכר = The tenant is not allowed

So even though ל־ often means to or for, here it helps express who is forbidden to do the action.

They are doing two different jobs.

• לשוכר: ל־ is a preposition meaning to/for
• להפר: ל־ is part of the infinitive, like English to in to violate

So:

• לשוכר = for the tenant
• להפר = to violate

This is very normal in Hebrew. The same letter ל can mark either:

1. a preposition before a noun, or
2. the infinitive before a verb

שוכר means tenant, renter, or lessee, depending on context.

It comes from the verb idea to rent/hire. In legal or housing contexts, שוכר is usually the tenant.

Related words:

• שוכרת = female tenant/renter
• שוכרים = tenants/renters
• משכיר = landlord / lessor

So in this sentence, השוכר / לשוכר refers to the person renting the property.

In normal unpointed Hebrew spelling, prepositions often attach directly to the noun, and the definite article is not always visually obvious.

So לשוכר can represent:

• לשוכר = to a tenant
• or לַשוכר = to the tenant

In everyday writing, both look the same: לשוכר.

Context tells you which one is meant. Since the meaning has already been given as the tenant, you understand it here as to/for the tenant.

להפר means to violate, to breach, or to break in the sense of breaking an agreement, promise, law, or rule.

So:

• להפר את ההסכם = to breach the agreement / contract

This is more formal/legal than just לשבור (to break physically). You would not normally use לשבור for a contract.

את is the marker of a definite direct object.

It does not have a direct English translation here. It simply marks that the following noun is the specific thing receiving the action.

So:

• להפר את ההסכם = to violate the agreement

You use את because ההסכם is definite: the agreement.

Compare:

• להפר הסכם = to violate an agreement
• להפר את ההסכם = to violate the agreement

ההסכם means the agreement, while הסכם means an agreement or just agreement.

Since this sentence refers to a specific agreement, Hebrew uses the definite form:

• הסכם = an agreement
• ההסכם = the agreement

And because it is definite, it also takes את:

• להפר את ההסכם

The given order is natural and standard:

• אסור לשוכר להפר את ההסכם

But Hebrew can move parts around for emphasis. For example:

• לשוכר אסור להפר את ההסכם

This puts a little more focus on the tenant.

Still, the version you were given is a very normal neutral word order, especially in formal or legal-style language.

Not really in the way you might expect.

In this structure, אסור is often used almost impersonally, so it stays the same very often:

• אסור לשוכר... = The male tenant is not allowed...
• אסור לשוכרת... = The female tenant is not allowed...

So אסור here is best understood as part of the fixed pattern אסור ל־... + infinitive rather than as a normal adjective agreeing closely with the noun.

A very literal breakdown is:

• אסור = forbidden
• לשוכר = for/to the tenant
• להפר = to violate
• את ההסכם = the agreement (with את marking it as the definite object)

So the full literal sense is:

It is forbidden for the tenant to violate the agreement.

That is why the natural English translation is:

The tenant is not allowed to violate the agreement.