Learn Hardcore Hausa: Ina so komai ya kasance lafiya a gida.

Ina is the 1st-person singular subject form used in the “imperfective/progressive” set (often covering present/habitual meanings).
so means want / desire.
So Ina so… = “I want…” (right now / generally).

How is Ina so different from na so?

They come from different aspect/tense patterns:

Ina so = present/imperfective: “I want / I’m wanting.”
na so = perfective: often “I wanted” (or “I liked” depending on context).
In everyday speech, Ina so is the default for “I want …” in the present.

Why is it Ina so and not Ina son here?

In Hausa, you often see two patterns:

Ina son + noun = “I like/want + (a thing)”
Example: Ina son ruwa = “I like/want water.”
Ina so + clause/verb idea = “I want (that) … / I want to …”
Example: Ina so in tafi = “I want to go.”

In your sentence, what follows is a full clause (komai ya kasance lafiya…), so Ina so (without -n) is very natural.

What exactly does komai mean here? Is it “everything” or “anything”?

komai can mean everything or anything, depending on context.
In this sentence it’s typically understood as everything: “I want everything to be fine…”
(With negatives, komai often leans toward “anything,” e.g., “not … anything.”)

Why does komai take ya—why not su since “everything” sounds plural?

Hausa agreement is grammatical, not based on English-style “plural meaning.” komai is treated like a singular (default 3rd person masculine singular), so it takes:

ya (3rd masc. singular)

If the subject were grammatically plural, you’d use su.

What is the job of ya in komai ya kasance?

Here ya introduces a “desired/result” clause after Ina so. It functions like “that it should…” in English:

Ina so [X] ya … ≈ “I want [X] to … / I want that [X] should …”

So komai ya kasance… = “(that) everything be…”

What does kasance mean, and why use ya kasance instead of a simple “to be” verb?

kasance is a verb meaning to be / to exist / to remain (in a state). Hausa often expresses “be + adjective/state” without a direct equivalent of English “is,” but in “I want X to be Y,” Hausa commonly uses a verb like kasance (or sometimes zama):

ya kasance lafiya = “that it be fine/well.”

So ya kasance is a natural way to express “to be” in a wished-for situation.

Is lafiya an adjective (“fine”) or a noun (“health”)?

lafiya is primarily a noun meaning health / well-being / peace, but it’s very commonly used like an adjective/predicate meaning fine / okay / well:

lafiya = “well/fine/okay” (state) So ya kasance lafiya literally leans toward “be in a state of well-being,” i.e., “be fine.”

Why is it a gida and not something like “in the house”?

a is a very common locative preposition meaning at / in depending on context.
a gida is an idiomatic, very common way to say at home.
If you specifically mean “inside the house/building,” you might also hear a cikin gida (“inside the house”), but a gida is the normal “at home” phrasing.

How would I negate the sentence (“I don’t want everything to be fine at home”)?

A common negation is:

Ba na so komai ya kasance lafiya a gida. = “I don’t want everything to be fine at home.”

Here Ba … ba is the standard negation frame, and na is the negative counterpart used in that pattern for “I” in many present contexts.