Στο φαρμακείο αγόρασα αντισηπτικό, βαμβάκι και γάζα για το δάχτυλό μου.

Στο is the contraction of σε + το.

• σε can mean in, at, or to, depending on context
• το is the for a neuter singular noun

So στο φαρμακείο literally combines to something like at/in/to the pharmacy. In this sentence, with αγόρασα, the natural meaning is at the pharmacy.

In normal Modern Greek, σε το is usually contracted to στο.

So:

• σε το φαρμακείο → στο φαρμακείο
• σε τη / την often becomes στη(ν)

This contraction is very common and expected in everyday Greek.

It is in the accusative singular after σε.

A useful thing to remember is that in Modern Greek, σε takes the accusative. So even when English uses in or at, Greek still uses σε + accusative.

For this noun:

• nominative: το φαρμακείο
• accusative: το φαρμακείο

The form happens to look the same because it is a neuter noun.

Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

Starting with Στο φαρμακείο puts the location first, often to set the scene or give it a little emphasis:

• Στο φαρμακείο αγόρασα... = At the pharmacy, I bought...
• Αγόρασα... στο φαρμακείο = I bought ... at the pharmacy

Both are possible. The first version sounds very natural and slightly foregrounds the place.

Αγόρασα is the aorist form, first person singular, of αγοράζω.

Here it means:

• I bought

The aorist is used for a completed action in the past. That fits this sentence because the speaker is talking about one finished event: they went to the pharmacy and bought those things.

Greek verbs already show the person clearly, so the subject pronoun is often omitted.

• αγόρασα already means I bought

Adding εγώ is possible, but it usually adds emphasis or contrast:

• Εγώ αγόρασα... = I bought..., as opposed to someone else

So leaving it out is the normal, natural choice.

Greek often omits the article when listing things someone bought, especially when the meaning is some antiseptic, cotton, and gauze rather than specific previously known items.

So this sounds natural as a shopping-style list.

If the speaker meant specific items already known in the conversation, they might use articles:

• το αντισηπτικό, το βαμβάκι και τη γάζα

If they wanted to stress quantity or individuality, they could also use words like:

• ένα αντισηπτικό
• λίγο βαμβάκι
• μία γάζα

But the bare nouns are very normal here.

Here it is being used as a noun.

The word αντισηπτικό can also function as an adjective meaning antiseptic, but in this sentence it means antiseptic/disinfectant product.

This is common in Greek: an adjective can be used on its own as a noun when the meaning is understood from context.

Because they are being used as materials or supplies, not as countable individual pieces.

This is similar to English, where we often say:

• cotton
• gauze

rather than cottons or gauzes

In Greek:

• βαμβάκι often refers to cotton as a material
• γάζα can refer to gauze as a medical dressing material in a general sense

If you wanted to count individual pieces, Greek could use plural forms or add numbers/measure words, depending on the exact meaning.

Για means for here, and it is followed by the accusative.

So:

• για = for
• το δάχτυλο = the finger
• μου = my

Together, για το δάχτυλό μου means for my finger.

Grammatically:

• δάχτυλο is a neuter singular noun
• after για, it is in the accusative
• μου is the unstressed possessive form meaning my

This happens because μου is an enclitic word.

The noun by itself is:

• δάχτυλο

Its stress is on the third-from-last syllable. When an enclitic like μου follows, Greek spelling often adds an extra written accent:

• το δάχτυλό μου

This does not mean the word has changed meaning or case in some special way. It is mainly a stress/spelling rule connected with the enclitic μου.

It can mean either, depending on the structure.

In this sentence, μου means my because it follows a noun:

• το δάχτυλό μου = my finger

In other contexts, μου can mean to me or me, for example:

• Μου έδωσε κάτι = He gave me something

So the function of μου depends on what it is attached to and how it is used in the sentence.

Yes. They are the direct objects of αγόρασα, so they are in the accusative.

In this sentence, their forms either match the nominative or do not visibly change much, which is why the case may not be obvious at first glance.

For example:

• αντισηπτικό: neuter singular, nominative and accusative look the same
• βαμβάκι: neuter singular, nominative and accusative look the same
• γάζα: feminine singular; without the article, the form also looks the same here

So even though the case is accusative, you do not see a big form change in these particular words.