Ο γιακάς του πουκαμίσου είναι λίγο σκληρός, αλλά το άλλο μανίκι είναι πιο άνετο.

Του πουκαμίσου is the genitive singular of το πουκάμισο (shirt).

In this sentence, ο γιακάς του πουκαμίσου literally means the collar of the shirt.

So the pattern is:

• ο γιακάς = the collar
• του πουκαμίσου = of the shirt

This is a very common Greek structure for possession or close relationships between nouns:

• η πόρτα του σπιτιού = the door of the house
• το χρώμα του αυτοκινήτου = the color of the car

English often prefers the shirt collar, but Greek commonly uses this noun + genitive structure.

Γιακάς is a masculine noun, so it takes the masculine article ο in the nominative singular:

• ο γιακάς = the collar

You can also see it is masculine because the adjective later agrees with it:

• σκληρός = masculine singular
• so ο γιακάς ... είναι σκληρός

Greek adjectives must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here λίγο means a little / a bit, so it is being used as an adverb, not as an adjective.

• λίγο σκληρός = a little stiff / a bit hard

Because it is an adverb here, it stays λίγο and does not agree with the noun.

Compare:

• λίγο νερό = a little water (λίγο as an adjective/quantifier with a neuter noun)
• είναι λίγο δύσκολο = it is a little difficult (λίγο as an adverb)

So in your sentence, λίγο modifies σκληρός, not γιακάς.

Yes, σκληρός literally means hard, but it can also mean stiff, depending on context.

So:

• σκληρός = hard, tough, stiff

With clothing, especially a collar, English would often say stiff rather than hard, even though Greek uses σκληρός naturally here.

So Ο γιακάς ... είναι λίγο σκληρός is a normal way to say the collar feels a bit stiff.

Yes. Μανίκι (sleeve) is a neuter noun, so it takes:

• το μανίκι = the sleeve

Because the noun is neuter singular, the adjective must also be neuter singular:

• άλλο = other / another
• το άλλο μανίκι = the other sleeve

This is another example of adjective agreement:

• masculine: ο άλλος
• feminine: η άλλη
• neuter: το άλλο

Πιο means more, so πιο άνετο means more comfortable.

A very common way to make the comparative in Greek is:

• πιο + adjective

Examples:

• πιο καλός = better / more good
• πιο μεγάλος = bigger
• πιο άνετο = more comfortable

Here άνετο agrees with μανίκι, which is neuter singular.

So:

• το μανίκι είναι άνετο = the sleeve is comfortable
• το μανίκι είναι πιο άνετο = the sleeve is more comfortable

Because each adjective agrees with the noun it describes.

In the sentence:

• ο γιακάς is masculine, so: σκληρός
• το μανίκι is neuter, so: άνετο

So the endings change to match the noun:

• masculine: σκληρός, άνετος
• feminine: σκληρή, άνετη
• neuter: σκληρό, άνετο

This agreement is a basic and very important part of Greek grammar.

In this sentence, άλλο means the other.

• το άλλο μανίκι = the other sleeve

Because there is already one sleeve being contrasted with another, English naturally uses the other sleeve.

Greek άλλος / άλλη / άλλο can mean:

• other
• another
• sometimes different

The exact translation depends on context.

Because this sentence is making an implicit comparison, not a full X is more ... than Y comparison.

Here the idea is simply:

• the other sleeve is more comfortable

The thing it is being compared to is understood from context.

If you wanted to say more comfortable than the collar or than the first sleeve, Greek would normally add από:

• πιο άνετο από το άλλο = more comfortable than the other one

So:

• πιο άνετο = more comfortable
• πιο άνετο από ... = more comfortable than ...

Αλλά means but.

It connects two contrasting ideas:

• Ο γιακάς του πουκαμίσου είναι λίγο σκληρός
• αλλά το άλλο μανίκι είναι πιο άνετο

Greek uses αλλά much like English uses but. It usually comes between the two clauses.

It is fairly normal and straightforward Greek word order.

The structure is:

• Ο γιακάς του πουκαμίσου = subject
• είναι = is
• λίγο σκληρός = predicate/adjective phrase

Then:

• αλλά = but
• το άλλο μανίκι = subject
• είναι = is
• πιο άνετο = predicate/adjective phrase

Greek word order is more flexible than English, but this sentence uses a very standard, natural order that is good for learners to copy.

The dictionary forms are:

Nouns:

• ο γιακάς = collar
• το πουκάμισο = shirt
• το μανίκι = sleeve

Adjectives / related words:

• σκληρός = hard, stiff
• άνετος = comfortable
• άλλος = other, another
• λίγο comes from λίγος when used in some forms, but here it functions as the adverb a little
• πιο = more

This is useful because in Greek, the form you see in a sentence may not be the dictionary form:

• πουκαμίσου -> dictionary form πουκάμισο
• άνετο -> dictionary form άνετος
• άλλο -> dictionary form άλλος