Την άνοιξη βάζω λουλούδια σε κάθε γλάστρα στο μπαλκόνι.

Την άνοιξη means in spring / during spring.

Greek often uses the accusative with the article to express time when something happens. So:

• την άνοιξη = in spring
• το καλοκαίρι = in summer
• τον χειμώνα = in winter

You may sometimes also hear just άνοιξη in certain contexts, but την άνοιξη is the normal, natural way to say in spring here.

It is in the accusative singular.

The base form is η άνοιξη = spring.
In this sentence, after την, it becomes:

• η άνοιξη = nominative
• την άνοιξη = accusative

This is because Greek uses the accusative in many time expressions, including during/in spring.

Because Greek, like English, often leaves out the article when speaking in a general or indefinite way.

So:

• βάζω λουλούδια = I put flowers / I plant flowers
• βάζω τα λουλούδια = I put the flowers

In your sentence, λουλούδια means flowers in a general sense, not specific flowers already known to the listener.

Literally, βάζω means put.

But in everyday Greek, it is often used in contexts where English might say:

• put
• place
• add
• sometimes even plant

So in a sentence about flowerpots, βάζω λουλούδια σε κάθε γλάστρα can naturally mean something like:

• I put flowers in every pot
• I plant flowers in every pot

The exact English translation depends on context.

Both are possible, but they mean slightly different things.

• σε κάθε γλάστρα = in each/every pot
• σε όλες τις γλάστρες = in all the pots

κάθε focuses on each individual pot one by one.
It is often very close in meaning to English every.

Also note that κάθε does not change form here. It is followed by the singular noun:

• κάθε γλάστρα = every pot

That is different from English logic, because English every also uses a singular noun.

Because κάθε works like English each/every and is followed by the singular:

• κάθε γλάστρα = every pot
• κάθε μέρα = every day
• κάθε παιδί = every child

So even though the meaning refers to many pots, the noun stays singular after κάθε.

στο μπαλκόνι literally breaks down as:

• σε = in / at / on / to
• το = the
• στο = contraction of σε το
• μπαλκόνι = balcony

So στο μπαλκόνι means on the balcony or at the balcony, depending on context. In English, on the balcony is the natural translation here.

Yes, in standard modern Greek:

• σε + το = στο
• σε + τη(ν) = στη(ν)
• σε + τα = στα
• σε + τους = στους
• σε + τις = στις

So στο μπαλκόνι is simply the usual contracted form of σε το μπαλκόνι.

Because the words after σε are different.

With the definite article:

• σε το μπαλκόνι → στο μπαλκόνι

With κάθε, there is no article to combine with σε:

• σε κάθε γλάστρα

So Greek contracts σε + article, but not σε + κάθε.

Yes. The subject is I, but Greek often leaves subject pronouns out because the verb ending already shows the person.

• βάζω = I put
• βάζεις = you put
• βάζει = he/she/it puts

So εγώ is not necessary unless you want emphasis:

• Εγώ βάζω λουλούδια... = I put flowers...

This is very common in Greek.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English.

The sentence:

• Την άνοιξη βάζω λουλούδια σε κάθε γλάστρα στο μπαλκόνι.

could also appear in other orders, for example:

• Βάζω λουλούδια σε κάθε γλάστρα στο μπαλκόνι την άνοιξη.
• Στο μπαλκόνι βάζω λουλούδια σε κάθε γλάστρα την άνοιξη.

The basic meaning stays the same, but the emphasis changes.
The original version sounds very natural and starts by setting the time: In spring...

In practice, it can relate to the whole situation, and Greek often allows this kind of natural ambiguity just like English.

Here, στο μπαλκόνι most naturally means that the flowerpots are on the balcony or that the action happens there:

• I put flowers in every pot on the balcony.

Because σε κάθε γλάστρα and στο μπαλκόνι stand next to each other, many learners will naturally read it as every pot on the balcony. Context would make it fully clear.

The dictionary forms are:

• η άνοιξη = spring
• το λουλούδι = flower
• η γλάστρα = flowerpot / pot
• το μπαλκόνι = balcony

In the sentence, you see some of them in forms required by grammar:

• την άνοιξη = accusative singular
• λουλούδια = plural
• γλάστρα = singular after κάθε
• μπαλκόνι = accusative singular after στο

The singular is:

• το λουλούδι = flower

The plural is:

• τα λουλούδια = flowers

In the sentence, the article is omitted, so you just see:

• λουλούδια = flowers

This is a very useful noun pattern to learn:

• το λουλούδι
• τα λουλούδια

A simple pronunciation guide is:

Tin Ánixi vázo louloúdia se káthe glástra sto balkóni.

A few helpful notes:

• την sounds like tin
• άνοιξη has the stress on the first syllable: Á-noi-xi
• βάζω has the stress on vá
• λουλούδια has the stress on loú
• γλάστρα has the stress on glás
• μπαλκόνι has the stress on kó

Also, μπ at the start of a word is usually pronounced like b, so μπαλκόνι sounds like balkóni.

Yes. σε is very common and can correspond to different English prepositions depending on context, such as:

• in
• to
• at
• sometimes on

Examples:

• σε κάθε γλάστρα = in every pot
• στο μπαλκόνι = on the balcony
• πάω στο σπίτι = I’m going home / to the house

So you should not expect a one-to-one match with a single English preposition.

Yes, it sounds natural.

It is a straightforward everyday sentence. A Greek speaker might also say slightly different versions depending on what they want to emphasize, for example:

• Την άνοιξη φυτεύω λουλούδια σε κάθε γλάστρα στο μπαλκόνι.
• Την άνοιξη βάζω λουλούδια σε όλες τις γλάστρες στο μπαλκόνι.

But your original sentence is perfectly normal Greek.