Learn Hardcore Greek: Εγώ είμαι σίγουρη ότι το μενού έχει και τσάι.

Yes. Greek usually drops subject pronouns because the verb ending shows the person. Adding Εγώ adds emphasis or contrast (I, specifically). Both Εγώ είμαι σίγουρη… and Είμαι σίγουρη… are correct.

Why is it σίγουρη and not σίγουρος? Do I change it depending on who is speaking?

The adjective agrees with the speaker’s gender and number:

female speaker: είμαι σίγουρη
male speaker: είμαι σίγουρος
plural mixed/men: είμαστε σίγουροι
plural women only: είμαστε σίγουρες Neuter forms are used only for neuter subjects (e.g., το παιδί είναι σίγουρο), not for yourself.

Is ότι the only option? Could I use πως?

Both are fine after expressions of certainty: είμαι σίγουρη ότι/πως…. Ότι is a bit more neutral/formal; πως is a bit more colloquial. Meaning is the same here.

What’s the difference between ότι and ό,τι?

ότι = that (complementizer): Είμαι σίγουρη ότι το μενού έχει…
ό,τι = whatever/anything that (indefinite relative): Πάρε ό,τι θέλεις. Don’t confuse them; the comma changes the meaning.

Do I need a comma before ότι?

No. In Greek you normally don’t put a comma before ότι/πως when they mean “that.”

Who is the subject of έχει? Does έχει here mean “there is/are”?

The subject is το μενού. Literally it’s “the menu has,” which in English corresponds to “the menu includes/there is on the menu.” Greek also uses impersonal έχει for availability (e.g., έχει τσάι; = “is there tea?”), but here the subject is explicit.

Why do we say το μενού? Does μενού decline?

Μενού is an indeclinable neuter loanword. The article shows case/number:

nominative/accusative sg: το μενού
genitive sg: του μενού
plural: τα μενού Because the noun doesn’t change, the article carries the grammar.

Could I say στο μενού έχει τσάι instead of το μενού έχει τσάι?

Yes. Στο μενού έχει τσάι = “on the menu there is tea,” using an impersonal-like structure. Το μενού έχει τσάι makes the menu the explicit subject. Both are idiomatic.

What does και mean here—“and” or “also”?

Here και = “also/too.” It adds something to an implied list. Without και, it’s just stating the fact (the menu has tea). With και, it’s “the menu also has tea.” You could also use επίσης: Το μενού επίσης έχει τσάι.

Can I move και around? Does the meaning change?

Placement changes the focus:

Το μενού έχει και τσάι = it has tea as well (in addition to other items).
Και το μενού έχει τσάι = the menu, too, has tea (compared to something else that has tea).
Έχει και τσάι το μενού = emphasizes “also tea.”
Το μενού έχει τσάι και καφέ = here και is “and,” linking two items.

Can και mean “even” here?

Yes, when stressed it can mean “even”: Έχει και τσάι; = “It even has tea?” Context and intonation decide whether it’s “also” or “even.”

Should τσάι have an article? When do I say το τσάι or ένα τσάι?

No article: category/availability (έχει τσάι = they have tea).
το τσάι: a specific tea (Το τσάι που θέλω…).
ένα τσάι: one serving when ordering (Θα ήθελα ένα τσάι).

How do I spell/pronounce τσάι? Do I need a diaeresis on ι?

Pronounced tsa‑ee (two syllables). Standard spelling uses a diaeresis on ι to break the digraph αι: τσάι (with ϊ). The accent is on ά. In informal writing people sometimes omit the diaeresis, but the careful form is τσάι.

Could I replace μενού with a more Greek word?

Yes: ο κατάλογος (masculine) is very common. Examples:

Ο κατάλογος έχει και τσάι.
Στον κατάλογο έχει και τσάι.

Why not είμαι σίγουρη να…?

After expressions like είμαι σίγουρος/σίγουρη, Greek takes ότι/πως + indicative, not να. So είμαι σίγουρη ότι/πως… is correct; είμαι σίγουρη να… is ungrammatical here.

Can I use future tense: είμαι σίγουρη πως θα έχει…? What’s the nuance?

Yes. Θα έχει expresses expectation about a future or not-yet-checked state (“I’m sure it will have”). Plain έχει states a present/general fact (“I’m sure it has/there is”). Both are natural depending on context.

Is σίγουρα (adverb) interchangeable with είμαι σίγουρη?

Not exactly. Είμαι σίγουρη = “I’m sure.” Σίγουρα = “surely/definitely”: Σίγουρα το μενού έχει τσάι. The adverb sounds like a confident assertion; the adjective explicitly attributes certainty to the speaker.

Can I front the adjective: Σίγουρη είμαι ότι…?

Yes, for emphasis or stylistic variation. Greek word order is flexible. Σίγουρη είμαι ότι… highlights the certainty; Είμαι σίγουρη ότι… is the neutral default.