Learn Hardcore Greek: Δεν έχω χρόνο αυτή την εβδομάδα.

Δεν: not (negative particle used with indicative verbs)
έχω: I have (1st person singular, present)
χρόνο: time (accusative singular of χρόνος; direct object)
αυτή: this (feminine accusative singular demonstrative, agreeing with εβδομάδα)
την: the (feminine accusative singular definite article)
εβδομάδα: week (feminine noun, accusative singular) Put together: “not I-have time this the week” → the natural English meaning you already know.

Why is χρόνο not χρόνος?

Because χρόνο is in the accusative case as the direct object of έχω. Nominative is χρόνος (subject form), but after verbs like έχω you use the accusative: έχω χρόνο. Mini-paradigm: nominative χρόνος, genitive χρόνου, accusative χρόνο.

Why is there no article before χρόνο?

Without the article, χρόνο means time in an indefinite/general sense (some/any time). With the article you would be referring to specific, known time:

Δεν έχω χρόνο = I don’t have time (in general).
Δεν έχω τον χρόνο = I don’t have the time (for that particular thing we both have in mind).

Why do we need both αυτή and την before εβδομάδα? Isn’t that redundant?

In Greek, when a demonstrative (this/that) is used attributively with a noun, the definite article is also used. So the pattern is:

αυτό το βιβλίο (this book)
αυτή τη μέρα (this day)
εκείνη την πόλη (that city) Hence αυτή την εβδομάδα is the normal structure.

Why is it αυτή and not αυτό?

Because εβδομάδα is feminine. Demonstratives and articles agree with the noun in gender, number, and case:

feminine accusative: αυτή την εβδομάδα
masculine accusative: αυτόν τον μήνα
neuter accusative: αυτό το έργο

Why is it αυτή την εβδομάδα and not σε αυτή την εβδομάδα?

Greek often uses the bare accusative as an adverbial of time to mean “when”: αυτή την εβδομάδα, την Κυριακή, το βράδυ. Using σε here is usually unnecessary or awkward. If you mean “within this week,” you’d typically say μέσα σε αυτή την εβδομάδα or εντός αυτής της εβδομάδας (more formal).

Can the word order change? For example, can I say Αυτή την εβδομάδα δεν έχω χρόνο?

Yes. Word order is flexible. Fronting Αυτή την εβδομάδα puts emphasis on the time frame. All of these are fine, with slightly different focus:

Δεν έχω χρόνο αυτή την εβδομάδα.
Αυτή την εβδομάδα δεν έχω χρόνο.
Δεν έχω αυτή την εβδομάδα χρόνο. (less common but possible for contrastive focus)

Which negative should I use here: δεν or μη(ν)?

Use δεν with indicative verbs, as here (δεν έχω). μη(ν) appears with the subjunctive, imperatives, and certain non-indicative contexts (e.g., να μην πάω, μη μιλάς).

Why is the subject pronoun εγώ missing?

Greek is a pro-drop language: the verb ending shows the subject, so you don’t need εγώ unless you want emphasis or contrast:

Δεν έχω χρόνο… = I don’t have time…
Εγώ δεν έχω χρόνο… = I don’t have time (but someone else might).

Is it okay to say Δεν θα έχω χρόνο αυτή την εβδομάδα?

Yes. That’s the straightforward future: “I won’t have time this week.” The present Δεν έχω χρόνο αυτή την εβδομάδα can also imply a scheduled/expected lack of time for this week, especially in conversational contexts. Use future if you want to be crystal clear about futurity.

How do I pronounce the sentence?

Approximate guide:

Δεν = [ðen] (like the th in English “this”)
έχω = [ˈe.xo] (the χ is a harsh h, like German Bach)
χρόνο = [ˈxro.no]
αυτή = [afˈti] (the υ here sounds like v that devoices to f before τ)
την = [tin] before a vowel (you hear the final -n here)
εβδομάδα = [evðoˈmaða] (the ευ is [ev] before voiced β, and δ is the th in “this”) Full flow: [ðen ˈe.xo ˈxro.no afˈti tin evðoˈma.ða]

Why do I sometimes see αυτήν and τη(ν) with or without the final -ν?

The final -ν is often retained before vowels and certain consonants (κ, π, τ, ξ, ψ, γκ, μπ, ντ, τσ, τζ). So:

την εβδομάδα keeps the -ν (next word starts with a vowel).
τη βδομάδα is also common spelling when the next word starts with a consonant, but many writers keep την consistently. For the demonstrative, both αυτή την εβδομάδα and αυτήν την εβδομάδα are possible; the version without -ν on αυτή is more common in everyday speech.

Is βδομάδα the same as εβδομάδα?

Yes. βδομάδα is the colloquial variant of εβδομάδα. Both are widely understood; εβδομάδα is a bit more standard/formal.

What’s the difference between χρόνος, καιρός, and ώρα for “time”?

χρόνος = time as a quantity/duration (having time, spending time).
καιρός = weather, or the right/appropriate moment (e.g., είναι καιρός να φύγουμε = it’s time to leave).
ώρα = hour or clock time (what time it is). So “I don’t have time” requires χρόνο, not καιρό or ώρα.

Can I intensify it to mean “no time at all”?

Yes: Δεν έχω καθόλου χρόνο αυτή την εβδομάδα. (καθόλου = not at all/none at all.)

Are there natural alternatives with the same idea?

Δεν προλαβαίνω αυτή την εβδομάδα. (I can’t make it / I won’t manage this week.)
Είμαι πολύ απασχολημένος/α αυτή την εβδομάδα. (I’m very busy this week.) They’re often used when declining invitations or scheduling.