Ο σκύλος είναι κάτω από το τραπέζι τώρα.

to be

Breakdown of Ο σκύλος είναι κάτω από το τραπέζι τώρα.

• τώρα: now
• ο σκύλος: the dog
• κάτω από: under

Questions & Answers about Ο σκύλος είναι κάτω από το τραπέζι τώρα.

Why is it Ο σκύλος and not Το σκύλος?

Because σκύλος is a masculine noun in the nominative singular, so it takes the masculine definite article ο. Το is the neuter article; you would use it with neuter nouns like το τραπέζι.

What does είναι mean and who is the subject?

Είναι is the 3rd person singular of the verb είμαι (to be), meaning "is." The subject is Ο σκύλος (the dog), so the full meaning is "The dog is ...".

What does κάτω από mean? Does από still mean "from" here?

Κάτω από is a fixed prepositional phrase meaning "under/beneath." Here από doesn’t carry its usual "from" meaning; together they function as "under." This phrase governs the accusative case.

Why is it το τραπέζι after κάτω από? Shouldn’t it change case?

It is in the accusative case, as required by κάτω από, but neuter nouns look the same in nominative and accusative: το τραπέζι. You can see the case change with a masculine noun: κάτω από τον καναπέ ("under the couch").

Can I move τώρα somewhere else in the sentence?