Το χάραγμα με τη λεπίδα χαράγματος γίνεται μετά την τελική ωρίμανση.

Το χάραγμα is a neuter noun meaning the incision / the scoring / the cut mark, depending on context.

A learner may notice that Greek often has related nouns from the same verb:

• χαράζω = to cut, carve, score
• χάραγμα = a cut mark, incision, scored line, something produced by cutting
• χάραξη = the act or process of engraving/scoring, or sometimes a planned layout/route in other contexts

So in this sentence, χάραγμα refers more naturally to the actual scoring/cutting step or resulting incision, not just the abstract process.

Also, χάραγμα is neuter, so it takes το:

• το χάραγμα

It is in the nominative singular.

In this sentence, Το χάραγμα ... γίνεται ..., the phrase το χάραγμα is the grammatical subject of γίνεται.

You can think of the structure as:

• Το χάραγμα = the scoring / incision
• γίνεται = takes place / is done / happens
• μετά την τελική ωρίμανση = after the final maturation

So the subject is the scoring.

Both τη and την are forms of the feminine accusative singular article.

• την is the full form
• τη is a very common shortened form used in normal speech and writing, especially before a consonant

So:

• με την λεπίδα
• με τη λεπίδα

Both are correct, but με τη λεπίδα is very natural and common.

A useful rule of thumb:

• before vowels or some sound combinations, Greek often keeps την
• before many consonants, shortened τη is common

χαράγματος is the genitive singular of χάραγμα.

This creates a noun phrase where the second noun specifies the first:

• λεπίδα = blade
• λεπίδα χαράγματος = blade for scoring / scoring blade / incision blade

So the genitive here works a bit like English of or like an attributive noun:

• λεπίδα χαράγματος = blade of scoring, more naturally scoring blade

This is very common in Greek technical language:

• noun + genitive = a thing associated with, used for, belonging to, or intended for something

Greek often leaves out the article in a phrase like this when the second noun is functioning as a kind of classifier or label.

So:

• η λεπίδα χαράγματος = the scoring blade
• not necessarily η λεπίδα του χαράγματος

If you said του χαράγματος, that would more strongly mean the blade of the incision/scoring, referring to a specific previously mentioned scoring. But here the meaning is more general and technical: the blade used for scoring.

So λεπίδα χαράγματος is a compact technical expression.

Literally, γίνεται comes from γίνομαι, which often means:

• to become
• to happen
• to take place
• to be done

In this sentence, it does not mean becomes in the usual English sense. Here it means something more like:

• is done
• takes place
• is carried out

So Το χάραγμα ... γίνεται μετά ... means that the scoring/cutting step is performed after the final maturation.

This is a very common use of γίνεται in instructions, descriptions of processes, and technical writing.

Not exactly in the same way English has a straightforward passive.

γίνεται is a form of γίνομαι, which is a deponent/middle-passive type verb in Modern Greek. In many contexts, it behaves like an intransitive verb meaning:

• happens
• takes place
• is done

So while English may translate it with a passive like is done, Greek is not using the passive of χαράζω here. It is using γίνεται as a natural process-description verb.

A more direct passive-style sentence could be something like:

• Το χάραγμα πραγματοποιείται μετά... or
• Το χάραγμα γίνεται μετά...

But γίνεται is simpler and very idiomatic.

In Modern Greek, μετά usually takes the accusative when it means after in time.

So:

• μετά την τελική ωρίμανση = after the final maturation

This is the standard modern pattern.

You may also see older or more formal Greek with μετά + genitive, but for everyday Modern Greek, learners should mainly remember:

• μετά + accusative = after

Examples:

• μετά το μάθημα = after the lesson
• μετά τη δουλειά = after work
• μετά την τελική ωρίμανση = after the final maturation

Both words are in the accusative feminine singular, because they go with μετά.

• ωρίμανση is a feminine noun
• τελική is the feminine singular accusative form of the adjective τελικός = final

So the phrase breaks down like this:

• την = the
• τελική = final
• ωρίμανση = maturation / ripening / curing

Because Greek adjectives must agree with the noun they describe, τελική matches ωρίμανση in:

• gender: feminine
• number: singular
• case: accusative

Yes, Greek word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more natural than others.

The given sentence is very natural for technical or procedural language:

• Το χάραγμα με τη λεπίδα χαράγματος γίνεται μετά την τελική ωρίμανση.

It starts with the topic/process being described, then gives the instrument, then the timing.

You could also say:

• Μετά την τελική ωρίμανση γίνεται το χάραγμα με τη λεπίδα χαράγματος.

This puts more emphasis on when it happens.

Or:

• Το χάραγμα γίνεται με τη λεπίδα χαράγματος μετά την τελική ωρίμανση.

Also possible, though slightly different in rhythm.

So the original word order is not the only possible one, but it is very normal and clear.

Here με means using / by means of / with the help of, not accompaniment.

So:

• με τη λεπίδα χαράγματος = using the scoring blade

This is one of the most common uses of με in Greek: introducing the instrument used to perform an action.

Examples:

• γράφω με μολύβι = I write with a pencil
• κόβω με μαχαίρι = I cut with a knife
• γίνεται με τη λεπίδα χαράγματος = it is done with a scoring blade

It can definitely be used in technical contexts too.

Although ωρίμανση can mean ripening in everyday contexts, it is also widely used for processes like:

• curing
• maturation
• setting
• developing to the required final state

So in industrial, food-production, laboratory, or materials contexts, ωρίμανση can refer to the stage where something reaches the proper final condition before the next step.

That is why τελική ωρίμανση sounds very natural in a technical process description.

Yes, very easily. They are the same noun in different cases:

• χάραγμα = nominative/accusative singular
• χαράγματος = genitive singular

This is a common pattern with neuter nouns ending in -μα:

• nominative singular: -μα
• genitive singular: -ματος

Examples:

• όνομα → ονόματος
• πράγμα → πράγματος
• χάραγμα → χαράγματος

So here:

• Το χάραγμα = the scoring/incision
• λεπίδα χαράγματος = blade of scoring / scoring blade

Recognizing the -ματος genitive pattern is very helpful in reading formal or technical Greek.

A very useful breakdown is:

• Το χάραγμα = the scoring / incision
• με τη λεπίδα χαράγματος = with the scoring blade
• γίνεται = is done / takes place
• μετά την τελική ωρίμανση = after the final maturation

So the overall pattern is:

[subject] + [instrument phrase] + [verb] + [time phrase]

That makes it much easier to read, especially in technical Greek, where long noun phrases are common.