Η φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου είναι καινούρια.

It has a very common Greek pattern:

• Η φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου = the subject noun phrase
• είναι = the verb is
• καινούρια = the predicate adjective, describing the subject

So the structure is:

Subject + to be + adjective

In other words, it works much like English The passport photo is new.

Η is the feminine singular definite article, meaning the.

It is used because φωτογραφία is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative here, because it is the subject

So:

• η φωτογραφία = the photo

Greek articles change form depending on gender, number, and case, so η is not just one fixed word like English the.

Because Greek often uses the genitive where English uses a noun-noun combination.

So English:

• passport photo

becomes Greek:

• φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου

Literally, this is closer to:

• photo of passport

Here:

• base word: διαβατήριο = passport
• genitive singular: διαβατηρίου

This is a very common Greek pattern.

Because in this kind of phrase, the second noun often functions like a classifier: it tells you what kind of photo it is.

So:

• φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου = passport photo

The idea is not the photo of the passport in a fully specific sense. It is more like a set type of photo.

If you said η φωτογραφία του διαβατηρίου, that would usually sound more like:

• the photo of the passport
• or the passport's photo

That is a different meaning from the standard expression for passport photo.

Because adjectives in Greek agree with the noun they describe.

The noun φωτογραφία is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective must also be:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

That gives:

• masculine: καινούριος
• feminine: καινούρια
• neuter: καινούριο

Even though καινούρια comes after είναι, it still agrees with φωτογραφία.

You can also see καινούργια. Both are common and correct.

So these are both possible:

• Η φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου είναι καινούρια.
• Η φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου είναι καινούργια.

They mean the same thing.

This is just a common variation in the adjective:

• καινούριος / καινούργιος
• feminine: καινούρια / καινούργια

They are close, but not always identical.

• καινούριος / καινούργιος often means new, brand-new, fresh
• νέος can mean new, but also young

So in many contexts both work, but καινούρια often feels a bit more specifically like newly made / brand-new.

In this sentence, καινούρια is very natural for saying that the passport photo is new or recent.

Είναι is the present tense of είμαι = to be.

In this sentence it means is.

A useful thing to know is that είναι is used for both:

• he/she/it is
• they are

So the form itself does not tell you singular or plural; the subject does.

Here the subject is singular, so it means is.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English.

The neutral, straightforward order here is:

• Η φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου είναι καινούρια.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Καινούρια είναι η φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου.

That puts more focus on καινούρια.

Greek endings and articles help show what each word is doing, so word order can move around more easily than in English.

Yes, slightly.

• φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου = the standard term for passport photo
• φωτογραφία για διαβατήριο = photo for a passport

The second version is also understandable and natural, but it is more explanatory. The first one is the usual compact expression.

So if you want the normal label for the type of photo, φωτογραφία διαβατηρίου is the best choice.

The accent marks show which syllable is stressed.

So here the stress falls on:

• φωτογραφία
• διαβατηρίου
• καινούρια

A few useful pronunciation points:

• η sounds like ee
• αι usually sounds like e
• ει, η, ι, υ usually sound like ee
• ου sounds like oo
• δ sounds like th in this

So:

• είναι is pronounced roughly EE-ne
• διαβατηρίου has the stress on ρί
• καινούρια has the stress on νού

The accents are very important in Greek, because they tell you where the word stress goes.