Die Abmahnung kommt schriftlich von der Personalabteilung.

Abmahnung is a feminine noun, so its dictionary form is die Abmahnung.

In this sentence, die Abmahnung is also the subject, so it stays in the nominative case:

• die Abmahnung = the warning / reprimand

A useful thing to notice is the ending -ung, which is very often feminine in German:

• die Rechnung
• die Einladung
• die Kündigung
• die Abmahnung

So -ung nouns are a good clue that the noun is probably feminine.

Not usually. Abmahnung is often more formal and more serious than a simple Warnung.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• a formal warning
• a written reprimand
• a disciplinary warning

In workplace German, eine Abmahnung is a specific HR/legal term: an employer formally tells an employee that their behavior or performance is not acceptable. So it is stronger and more official than just telling someone to be careful.

Yes, this is very natural in German, even though it sounds a bit literal in English.

kommen von means to come from, and here it refers to the source of the warning:

• Die Abmahnung kommt ... von der Personalabteilung.
• The warning comes from the HR department.

In smoother English, you might translate it as:

• The written warning is issued by the HR department.
• The warning comes in writing from HR.

So kommt does not necessarily mean physical movement here. It can mean originates from or is sent by.

schriftlich means:

• in writing
• written
• in written form

In this sentence, it tells you how the warning comes:

• Die Abmahnung kommt schriftlich ...
• The warning comes in writing ...

So this contrasts with something spoken:

• mündlich = oral / spoken
• schriftlich = written / in writing

Because here schriftlich is being used as an adverb, not an adjective before a noun.

Compare:

• eine schriftliche Abmahnung
  Here schriftliche describes the noun Abmahnung, so it needs an adjective ending.

• Die Abmahnung kommt schriftlich.
  Here schriftlich describes how it comes, so it works like an adverb and has no ending.

This is very common in German:

• Er antwortet schnell.
• Sie spricht deutlich.
• Die Nachricht kommt schriftlich.

Because von always takes the dative case.

The noun die Personalabteilung is feminine, and feminine nouns in the dative singular use der:

• nominative: die Personalabteilung
• dative: der Personalabteilung

So:

• von der Personalabteilung = from the HR department

This is a very important pattern:

• von dem Mann / vom Mann
• von der Frau
• von dem Kind / vom Kind

Literally, it is made of:

• Personal = personnel / staff
• Abteilung = department

So Personalabteilung means:

• personnel department
• more naturally in modern English: HR department

German often forms long compound nouns like this, and the last part tells you the core meaning:

• Abteilung is the main noun
• Personal- specifies what kind of department it is

The sentence follows the normal main-clause German word order:

• Die Abmahnung = position 1
• kommt = finite verb in position 2
• schriftlich = adverb
• von der Personalabteilung = prepositional phrase

So the pattern is: Subject + verb + other information

German main clauses usually put the finite verb in second position:

• Der Brief kommt morgen.
• Die Antwort kommt per E-Mail.
• Die Abmahnung kommt schriftlich von der Personalabteilung.

Yes. German allows some flexibility depending on what you want to emphasize. For example:

• Die Abmahnung kommt von der Personalabteilung.
• Die Abmahnung kommt schriftlich von der Personalabteilung.
• Von der Personalabteilung kommt die Abmahnung schriftlich.

All of these are possible, but they do not sound exactly the same in emphasis.

The original version is straightforward and neutral:

• first the subject
• then the verb
• then extra details

You could also see more formal alternatives in office language, such as:

• Die Abmahnung erfolgt schriftlich durch die Personalabteilung.
• Die Personalabteilung spricht die Abmahnung schriftlich aus.

But the original sentence is perfectly natural.

Grammatically, in this sentence schriftlich goes with the verb phrase and describes how the warning comes.

So the idea is:

• The warning comes in written form
• It is not being described directly as a written warning in the adjective sense

If you wanted to describe the noun directly, you would say:

• die schriftliche Abmahnung = the written warning

So the difference is:

• die schriftliche Abmahnung
  focuses on the noun itself

• Die Abmahnung kommt schriftlich.
  focuses on the manner in which it is delivered

Yes, especially in administrative or HR-related contexts.

The sentence sounds:

• formal
• bureaucratic
• workplace-appropriate

That fits the word Abmahnung, which is itself a formal term.

In casual everyday speech, a person might say something simpler, but in company or legal language, this style is normal:

• Die Abmahnung kommt schriftlich.
• Das Schreiben kommt von der Personalabteilung.
• Sie erhalten eine schriftliche Abmahnung.

So the sentence sounds very much like something connected to official internal communication.