Licht dringt durch das Fenster.

dringt is the 3rd person singular present tense of dringen.

In this sentence, dringen means something like:

• to penetrate
• to pass through
• to filter through
• to come through

So Licht dringt durch das Fenster has the sense of light coming in through the window, often with a slightly literary or vivid feeling.

German often uses nouns without an article when talking about something in a general, uncountable, or substance-like way.

So:

• Licht dringt durch das Fenster. = Light is coming through the window.

Here Licht is treated like a mass noun, similar to:

• Wasser fließt. = Water flows.
• Milch ist im Kühlschrank. = Milk is in the fridge.

You can say das Licht in other contexts, but that usually sounds more specific:

• Das Licht dringt durch das Fenster. = The light is coming through the window.

Without the article, it sounds more general or descriptive.

durch means through.

In this sentence, it shows the path the light takes:

• durch das Fenster = through the window

This is very natural in German when something passes from one side to the other, or enters by means of something.

Other examples:

• Der Wind kommt durch die Tür. = The wind comes through the door.
• Wasser dringt durch die Wand. = Water penetrates through the wall.

Because durch takes the accusative case.

So:

• durch das Fenster
• not durch dem Fenster

Fenster is a neuter noun:

• nominative: das Fenster
• accusative: das Fenster
• dative: dem Fenster

Since durch always takes the accusative, das Fenster is correct.

Because for many neuter nouns in German, the nominative and accusative forms are identical.

For das Fenster:

• nominative: das Fenster
• accusative: das Fenster

So even though the case is accusative after durch, the form does not change.

You can see the case more clearly with a masculine noun:

• durch den Park
  not
• durch der Park

Yes. This is standard German main-clause word order.

• Licht = subject
• dringt = finite verb
• durch das Fenster = prepositional phrase

German main clauses usually put the finite verb in second position:

• Licht dringt durch das Fenster.

You could also say:

• Durch das Fenster dringt Licht.

That is also correct, but it shifts the emphasis. It sounds a bit more descriptive or stylistic.

Yes, absolutely.

Both are correct:

• Licht dringt durch das Fenster.
• Durch das Fenster dringt Licht.

The difference is mainly focus:

• Licht dringt durch das Fenster. → more neutral
• Durch das Fenster dringt Licht. → gives more emphasis to through the window

German allows this kind of movement quite naturally, as long as the verb stays in second position in a main clause.

It is a real and useful verb, but it is a bit more elevated, descriptive, or written than some simpler alternatives.

In everyday speech, people might more often say things like:

• Licht kommt durchs Fenster.
• Das Licht fällt durchs Fenster.
• Sonnenlicht scheint durchs Fenster.

But Licht dringt durch das Fenster is perfectly natural, especially in:

• descriptive writing
• literature
• narration
• formal or vivid descriptions

It gives a stronger sense of light penetrating into a space.

Both can work, but they are not identical.

• kommt = comes
• dringt = penetrates / filters through / makes its way through

So:

• Licht kommt durchs Fenster. = very straightforward, everyday
• Licht dringt durch das Fenster. = more vivid; emphasizes the movement through a barrier/opening

dringen often suggests that something is entering, pressing through, or getting in.

You often can, but it changes the nuance.

• Das Licht scheint durchs Fenster. or better Die Sonne scheint durchs Fenster.
• Licht dringt durch das Fenster.

scheinen means to shine, so it focuses on the light source shining.

dringen focuses more on the idea that the light passes into the room through the window.

So the two are related, but not exactly the same.

It can mean either, depending on context.

German durch das Fenster is often understood more generally as:

• through the window
• by way of the window

That could mean:

• through the glass
• through the open window
• via the window area

The sentence itself does not force one exact physical interpretation. Context would decide.

Not in this sentence.

Here Licht is singular and uncountable, meaning light in a general sense.

German does have a plural Lichter, but that usually means:

• lights as individual light sources, lamps, or visible points of light

Examples:

• Die Lichter der Stadt. = the lights of the city
• Die Lichter gehen an. = the lights turn on

That is different from Licht meaning light as a substance or phenomenon.

Approximately:

Likht dringt durkh das Fenstər

A few helpful points:

• ch in Licht is the soft sound also heard in ich
• dr in dringt is pronounced together at the beginning
• durch ends with the ach-Laut, a rougher ch sound
• Fenster has a clear f, and the final -er is reduced, not fully pronounced like English air

A rough English-friendly guide could be:

Leecht dringt doorgkh dahs FEN-ster

But that is only approximate.

It is in the present tense, but German present tense can do several jobs.

It can describe:

• something happening right now
• a general situation
• a vivid description in narration

So Licht dringt durch das Fenster could mean:

• light is coming through the window right now
• light comes through the window
• in a scene description: light streams in through the window

German present tense is often broader than English learners expect.

Yes.

durchs is a contraction of:

• durch das

So:

• Licht dringt durch das Fenster.
• Licht dringt durchs Fenster.

Both are correct.

The version with durchs is very common and often sounds a bit more natural in everyday language.

The full form durch das may sound slightly more careful, explicit, or formal depending on context.