Die Bildauflösung macht kleine Details sichtbar.

Die is the definite article the. It also tells you the noun Bildauflösung is:

• feminine
• singular
• here in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence

So Die Bildauflösung means the image resolution.

German very often forms compound nouns by joining smaller words together.

Bildauflösung = Bild + Auflösung

• Bild = picture, image
• Auflösung = resolution

So the whole word means image resolution or picture resolution.

In German, the last part usually determines the grammatical gender. Since Auflösung is feminine, Bildauflösung is also feminine, which is why it takes die.

German main clauses usually follow the verb-second rule.

Here the sentence is:

Die Bildauflösung | macht | kleine Details sichtbar

• Position 1: Die Bildauflösung
• Position 2: macht
• Then the rest of the sentence follows

This is very normal German word order for a statement.

Because the subject is Die Bildauflösung, which is third person singular.

The verb is machen = to make.

Its present tense forms include:

• ich mache
• du machst
• er/sie/es macht
• wir machen
• ihr macht
• sie/Sie machen

Since Bildauflösung is singular, German uses macht.

It is in the accusative case because these are the things being made visible.

The structure is:

• Die Bildauflösung = subject, nominative
• macht = verb
• kleine Details = direct object, accusative
• sichtbar = adjective/predicative element meaning visible

So the sentence literally works like: The image resolution makes small details visible.

Because Details is a plural noun, and here it comes without an article.

After no article in the plural accusative, the adjective usually takes -e:

• kleine Details = small details

Compare:

• die kleinen Details = the small details
• kleine Details = small details

So kleine is the correct adjective ending here.

Some German nouns, especially borrowed words, form the plural with -s.

Here:

• singular: das Detail
• plural: die Details

So Details means details, not a singular form.

Because it functions as a kind of result adjective or predicative adjective after machen.

The pattern is:

jemanden / etwas + Adjektiv machen

meaning:

to make someone/something + adjective

Examples:

• etwas sichtbar machen = to make something visible
• etwas klar machen = to make something clear
• etwas möglich machen = to make something possible

So in your sentence:

• kleine Details = the thing affected
• sichtbar = the resulting state

That is why sichtbar comes after the object.

Because sichtbar is not directly describing a noun inside a noun phrase here.

Compare:

• sichtbare Details = visible details
  Here sichtbare is an attributive adjective before the noun, so it needs an ending.
• macht Details sichtbar = makes details visible
  Here sichtbar is predicative, so it does not take an ending.

This is similar to English:

• visible details
• make details visible

Yes. That would also be correct, but it means something slightly different.

• kleine Details = small details, in a general sense
• die kleinen Details = the small details, more specific or already known from context

So both are grammatical; the version without die sounds more general.

Yes, very common.

sichtbar machen is a standard expression meaning:

• to make visible
• to render visible
• sometimes to reveal depending on context

You will see it in technical, scientific, artistic, and everyday language.

Examples:

• Das Mikroskop macht Bakterien sichtbar.
  The microscope makes bacteria visible.
• Die neue Beleuchtung macht den Unterschied sichtbar.
  The new lighting makes the difference visible.

Yes — that is an excellent way to understand the grammar.

A very literal breakdown is:

• Die Bildauflösung = the image resolution
• macht = makes
• kleine Details = small details
• sichtbar = visible

So the sentence structure maps quite neatly onto English.

The singular noun is das Detail.

Its forms are:

• singular: das Detail
• plural: die Details

In this sentence, the noun is plural, so you use Details. The singular gender das does not directly appear here, but it is still useful to learn for dictionary form and for singular sentences such as:

Das kleine Detail ist sichtbar.
The small detail is visible.