Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin myös pimeällä.

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Questions & Answers about Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin myös pimeällä.

What is the basic structure of this sentence? Which part is the subject and which part is the object / complement?

The core structure is:

  • Hyvä valaistus = subject (in nominative)

    • hyvä = good (adjective)
    • valaistus = lighting / illumination (noun)
  • tekee = verb, 3rd person singular of tehdä “to do / to make”

  • kukkapenkistä kauniin = what is affected and how it changes

    • kukkapenkistä = “from the flowerbed” (elative case)
    • kauniin = “beautiful” (in genitive/accusative form, functioning like “a beautiful one / a beautiful thing”)
  • myös pimeällä = adverbial phrase of time: “also when it’s dark”

So: “Good lighting makes (from) the flowerbed (something) beautiful also when it’s dark.”
The idea is “Good lighting makes the flowerbed beautiful even in the dark.”

Why is it “Hyvä valaistus” and not “Hyvin valaistus”?

In Finnish, adjectives modify nouns, and adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or whole clauses.

  • hyvä = adjective → used before a noun: hyvä valaistus = good lighting
  • hyvin = adverb → used before a verb or adjective:
    • valaistus toimii hyvin = the lighting works well

Since valaistus is a noun, we need the adjective: hyvä valaistus, not hyvin valaistus.

What does “valaistus” mean exactly, and how is it formed?

Valaistus means lighting / illumination, both in the sense of:

  • the arrangement of lights: the garden lighting is good, and
  • the effect of light: there is a lot of light; it’s well lit.

Morphologically:

  • verb valaista = to illuminate, to light up
  • add the -us/-ys nominalizing suffix → valaistus
    • very common pattern: opettaa → opetus, siivota → siivous, johtaa → johdus etc.

So valaistus is an abstract noun “illumination / lighting” formed from the verb.

What does “kukkapenkistä” literally mean, and what case is it in?

Kukkapenkistä is in the elative case (ending -sta/-stä), which usually means “out of / from inside / from”.

Breakdown:

  • kukka = flower
  • penkki = bench; in this compound, penkki also means “bed” (a raised strip of soil)
  • kukkapenkki = flowerbed
  • kukkapenkistä = from (the) flowerbed (elative singular)

Elative is formed by:

  • weakening penkki → penki- (consonant gradation)
  • then add -stä: penkistä → as part of the compound: kukkapenkistä.

So literally it is “from (the) flowerbed.”

Why is it “kukkapenkistä” and not just “kukkapenkin” or “kukkapenkin kauniin”?

The verb tehdä (“to make”) often appears in a pattern:

  • tehdä jostakin jotakin / joksikin
    = to make something out of something / to turn something into something

Here:

  • jostakinkukkapenkistä (from the flowerbed)
  • jotakin implied → some beautiful thing, beautiful place, beautiful sight
  • kauniin describes the result: a beautiful one / something beautiful

If you said “tekee kukkapenkin kauniiksi”, that would be another standard pattern:

  • kukkapenkin (object, accusative-genitive)
  • kauniiksi (translative: “into beautiful”)

The sentence in your example uses the “from X, [makes] a beautiful [one]” idea: “tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin” = makes something beautiful out of the flowerbed.

Why is it “kauniin” and not “kaunis” or “kauniiksi”?

The adjective kaunis (“beautiful”) has several forms:

  • kaunis = nominative
  • kauniin = genitive / accusative (singular)
  • kauniiksi = translative

Here, kauniin behaves like the object of “tekee” (what is made), but the actual head noun is understood and omitted, for example:

  • tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin [paikan]
    = makes from the flowerbed a beautiful place

Since the understood noun would be in the accusative/genitive, the adjective agrees with it → kauniin, not kaunis.

If you explicitly use the common pattern:

  • tekee kukkapenkin kauniiksi
    then kauniiksi is translative, saying “into a beautiful (state).”

Your sentence instead uses “makes a beautiful (something) from the flowerbed”, so kauniin fits that structure.

What does “myös” do in this sentence, and where can it go?

Myös means “also, too, as well, even”.

In the sentence:

  • Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin myös pimeällä.
    Good lighting makes the flowerbed beautiful *also when it’s dark.*

Here myös emphasizes that the flowerbed is not only beautiful in daylight but also in the dark.

Word order is fairly flexible. You might hear:

  • Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin myös pimeällä. (neutral)
  • Hyvä valaistus tekee myös pimeällä kukkapenkistä kauniin. (slightly different focus)

Putting myös right before pimeällä clearly links “also” to the time (when it’s dark).

Why is it “pimeällä” and not “pimeässä” or “pimeänä”?

All three forms exist, but they have different nuances:

  • pimeällä = adessive (on/at) → “when it’s dark / in the dark (as a time)”

    • Used for time expressions:
      • yöllä = at night
      • kesällä = in (the) summer
      • talvella = in (the) winter
        pimeällä follows this pattern: “when it is dark”.
  • pimeässä = inessive (in) → “in the dark” literally as in inside darkness

    • Focus more on being inside a dark environment.
  • pimeänä = essive (“as, in the state of”) → “when (something) is dark / as dark”

    • E.g. taivas on pimeänä = “the sky is (in the state of being) dark.”

In your sentence, pimeällä works like a time adverbial: also *when it’s dark.* That’s why adessive is used.

Can the word order be changed? For example, is “Hyvä valaistus tekee myös pimeällä kukkapenkistä kauniin” correct?

Yes, that word order is grammatically correct. Finnish word order is flexible, and you can move adverbials (like myös pimeällä) around to change what is emphasized.

Some options:

  1. Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin myös pimeällä.
    – neutral; emphasis evenly spread.

  2. Hyvä valaistus tekee myös pimeällä kukkapenkistä kauniin.
    – slight emphasis on also when it’s dark.

  3. Myös pimeällä hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin.
    – strong emphasis on “even in the dark (this is true).”

All of these are understandable and natural; they just have slightly different focus.

Could this sentence be expressed using a more “typical textbook” structure?

Yes. A very standard, clear version with the same meaning would be:

  • Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin näköisen myös pimeällä.
    = Good lighting makes the flowerbed look beautiful also when it’s dark.

or

  • Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin paikan myös pimeällä.
    = Good lighting makes the flowerbed a beautiful place also when it’s dark.

or with the “object + translative” pattern:

  • Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin is already idiomatic, but
  • Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin
    Hyvä valaistus tekee kukkapenkistä kauniin paikan / näkymän.

In practice, Finnish often omits the obvious noun (like paikan “place” or näkymän “view”) and leaves just kauniin, as in your original sentence.