Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.

Breakdown of Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.

minä
I
minun
my
herätä
to wake up
veli
the brother
aikaisemmin
earlier
kuin
as if
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Questions & Answers about Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.

Why do we need Minä here? Can it be left out?

You don’t need Minä. Finnish usually drops subject pronouns because the verb ending already tells who is doing the action.

  • Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.
  • Herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.

Both mean I wake up earlier than my brother.

Using Minä adds a bit of emphasis to I (often contrasting with someone else), but it’s still very normal and neutral in everyday speech.

What is herään exactly, and what is the basic form of this verb?

Herään is:

  • person: 1st person singular (I)
  • tense: present
  • verb type: so‑called type 4 verb
  • basic (dictionary) form: herätä (to wake up, to wake)

Conjugation (present tense) of herätä:

  • minä herään – I wake up
  • sinä heräät – you wake up
  • hän herää – he/she wakes up
  • me heräämme – we wake up
  • te heräätte – you (pl.) wake up
  • he heräävät – they wake up

Notice the stem heräa-herää-, and then endings like -n, -t, etc. are attached.

What is the difference between herään and herätän?

They are two different verbs:

  • herätäherään = to wake up (intransitive, you yourself wake up)

    • Minä herään kello kuusi. – I wake up at six.
  • herättääherätän = to wake someone up (transitive, you wake another person)

    • Minä herätän veljeni kello kuusi. – I wake my brother up at six.

So in the original sentence, herään is correct because you yourself wake up earlier.

Why is it aikaisemmin and not aikaisin or aikainen?

These are related but different forms:

  • aikainen – early (adjective)

    • aikainen aamu – an early morning
  • aikaisin – early (adverb, describing when)

    • Herään aikaisin. – I wake up early.
  • aikaisemmin – earlier (comparative adverb)

    • Herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni. – I wake up earlier than my brother.

Because the sentence is a comparison (earlier than), you need the comparative form aikaisemmin, not the basic aikaisin.

What does kuin do in this sentence?

Kuin introduces the thing you are comparing with. It corresponds to English than in comparative sentences.

  • aikaisemmin kuin veljeni – earlier than my brother
  • pidempi kuin veljeni – taller than my brother
  • parempi kuin ennen – better than before

Structure:
[comparative form] + kuin + [comparison target]

Why is it veljeni and not something like veljeäni or veljeniä?

Veljeni here is:

  • base noun: veli – brother
  • possessive suffix: -ni – my
  • case: nominative singular

So veljeni literally means my brother (subject form).

In a simple comparison like aikaisemmin kuin veljeni, the comparison target is typically in the nominative (the basic form), just like:

  • Minä olen pidempi kuin veljeni. – I am taller than my brother.

Forms like veljeäni (partitive) or veljeniä (plural) would only be used if the grammar demanded those cases for some other reason, which it doesn’t here.

How does veljeni mean my brother without minun?

Finnish can express possession in two ways:

  1. Possessive pronoun + noun

    • minun veljeni – my brother
  2. Noun + possessive suffix

    • veljeni – my brother

The suffix -ni on veli already means my, so veljeni alone is enough.

Both minun veljeni and veljeni are correct. Using both together slightly emphasizes the possessor (minun veljeni, my brother as opposed to someone else’s), but in many contexts veljeni by itself is completely natural and often preferred.

Could the sentence be Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin minun veljeni? Is that wrong?

It’s not wrong; it’s grammatically correct:

  • Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin minun veljeni.

However, it sounds more emphatic and a bit heavier. You’d usually say:

  • Herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni. (most natural)
  • Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni. (slight emphasis on I)

You normally don’t need minun in the kuin‑part, because the possessive suffix -ni already marks my.

Can I change the word order, for example leave out Minä or move aikaisemmin?

Yes, Finnish word order is quite flexible as long as the verb is in second position in neutral statements. Some natural variants:

  • Herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.
  • Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.
  • Aikaisemmin herään kuin veljeni. (unusual in isolation, but possible with a contrast, e.g. compared to weekends)

The most neutral everyday versions are:

  • Herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.
  • Minä herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni.

Changing the order mainly changes what is emphasized or what the context is contrasting with.

Are there other common ways to say earlier than my brother in Finnish?

Yes, you can also use ennen (before):

  • Herään ennen veljeäni. – I wake up before my brother.

Compare:

  • Herään aikaisemmin kuin veljeni. – I wake up earlier than my brother.
  • Herään ennen veljeäni. – I wake up before my brother.

These are practically interchangeable here. The kuin‑construction uses a comparative adverb (aikaisemmin), while ennen works more like the English before with a genitive/possessive form (veljeäni).

How do you pronounce herään, aikaisemmin, and veljeni? Where is the stress?

In Finnish, stress is almost always on the first syllable of the word.

  • heräänHE‑rään

    • both ä are like the a in English cat, but longer on -ään
  • aikaisemminAI‑kai‑sem‑min

    • ai like English eye
    • double mm means a longer m sound
  • veljeniVEL‑ye‑ni

    • v as in English van
    • j is like English y in yes

So the sentence rhythm is roughly:
MI‑nä HE‑rään AI‑kai‑sem‑min kuin VEL‑ye‑ni.