Questions & Answers about Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä.
Finnish simply doesn’t use articles (no a/an or the at all).
The bare noun bussi can mean:
- a bus
- the bus (we both know which one)
- buses in general
Context tells you which is meant. So Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä is understood as “The bus is constantly late” in the right context, even though there is no separate word for “the”.
Myöhässä is in the essive case (ending -ssa/-ssä), which often expresses a temporary state: “in the state of X”.
- myöhä → myöhässä = “in a late state” → “late, behind schedule”
Finnish uses this kind of structure a lot for states:
- Bussi on myöhässä. – The bus is late.
- Olen kiireessä. – I am in a hurry.
- Olen kunnossa. – I am in good condition / OK.
So on myöhässä literally feels like “is in lateness”.
These three are easy to mix up:
myöhässä – “late” in the sense of behind schedule
- Bussi on myöhässä. – The bus is late (not on time).
- Olen myöhässä. – I am late.
myöhään – an adverb meaning “late (in time)”
- Menin nukkumaan myöhään. – I went to bed late.
(It does not mean “behind schedule” here, just “at a late hour”.)
- Menin nukkumaan myöhään. – I went to bed late.
myöhäinen – an adjective meaning “late” (usually about time of day or something happening late)
- myöhäinen ilta – late evening
- myöhäinen bussi – a late (night) bus, i.e. it runs late in the evening, not “a bus that is running late”.
For “The bus is late (not on time)”, you want Bussi on myöhässä, not myöhään or myöhäinen.
Finnish has a verb myöhästyä (“to be late”, “to miss / arrive late”), but Bussi on myöhässä focuses on the state of the bus:
- Bussi on myöhässä. – The bus is (currently / habitually) late.
- Bussi myöhästyi. – The bus was late / arrived late (this time, an event).
So:
- Use on myöhässä to describe a state (now or typically).
- Use myöhästyä to talk about a specific act of being late:
Bussi myöhästyi tänään. – The bus was late today.
Yes, Finnish word order is flexible, but the neutral order here is:
- Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä.
Other options:
- Bussi on myöhässä jatkuvasti. – Understandable, but less natural; the adverb usually comes before the predicate adjective.
- Jatkuvasti bussi on myöhässä. – Emphasises jatkuvasti (“Constantly the bus is late”), often used in complaints or expressive speech.
So you can move things around, but Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä is what you should learn as the default.
Jatkuvasti means “constantly”, “all the time”, “continually”. It often carries a slightly complaining tone.
- Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä. – The bus is constantly / all the time late (it’s really annoying).
Aina means “always” in a more neutral sense:
- Bussi on aina myöhässä. – The bus is always late (basically every time).
In practice:
- aina = always (more absolute)
- jatkuvasti = constantly, continuously (often heard as “way too often / all the time”)
They overlap, but jatkuvasti sounds more like you’re fed up with it.
Jatkuvasti is an adverb.
It’s formed from the adjective jatkuva (“continuous, ongoing”) + the adverbial suffix -sti:
- jatkuva → jatkuvasti – continuously, constantly
The -v- assimilates in speech/spelling: you see -vasti instead of -vasti with a clear v-s-t sequence.
The same pattern appears in many adverbs:
- nopea → nopeasti – quickly
- selvä → selvästi – clearly
You only change the subject and the verb, not myöhässä:
- Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä. – The bus is constantly late.
- Bussit ovat jatkuvasti myöhässä. – The buses are constantly late.
Myöhässä stays the same, like English “late” in “is late / are late”.
Not in the usual “behind schedule” sense.
- Bussi on myöhäinen would sound odd; it suggests something like “The bus is a late(-night) one” rather than “it didn’t arrive on time”.
For lateness relative to a timetable, use:
- Bussi on myöhässä. – The bus is late.
- Bussi myöhästyi. – The bus was late / arrived late (this time).
Use myöhäinen mainly for things like myöhäinen ilta (“late evening”), myöhäinen lounas (“late lunch”).
The usual way is:
- Bussi on 10 minuuttia myöhässä.
Notes:
- 10 minuuttia is in the partitive case, which is normal for measurements and durations.
- You can sometimes also hear Bussi on myöhässä 10 minuuttia, but the more typical, natural order is with the time phrase before myöhässä.
No, not in normal Finnish. The copula verb olla (“to be”) is usually required:
- Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä. – correct
- Bussi jatkuvasti myöhässä. – feels like a headline / note / very telegraphic style, not full normal speech.
In everyday sentences, keep on/oli/ovat etc. You only see it dropped in things like headlines or short list-like notes.
Finnish present tense covers both English simple present and present continuous.
Bussi on jatkuvasti myöhässä is usually understood as a habitual / general situation:
- “The bus keeps being late.” / “This bus line is constantly late.”
If you want to emphasise “right now” more clearly, you could say:
- Bussi on nyt myöhässä. – The bus is late now.
- Bussi on taas myöhässä. – The bus is late again.
So with jatkuvasti plus the present tense, it sounds like a recurring problem rather than just this one time.
They both mean “bus”:
- bussi – everyday, informal, by far the most commonly used in speech.
- linja-auto – more formal, often seen in official names, signs, timetables, or in very formal style.
In everyday conversation, bussi is what people normally say:
- Menetkö bussilla? – Are you going by bus?
A few key points:
- Stress is always on the first syllable: JAT-ku-vasti MYÖ-häs-sä.
- y in myöhässä is like German ü or French u (front rounded vowel).
- ö is like German ö or French eu in peur.
- ss is a long consonant – hold it a bit: myöhäs-sä (not just myöhäsa).
- Say all vowels clearly; Finnish doesn’t reduce unstressed vowels like English does.
So: [ˈjɑtkuvɑsti ˈmyøhæsːæ] roughly.