Minä joudun ostamaan ruokaa kaupasta.

I have to buy food from the store.

Breakdown of Minä joudun ostamaan ruokaa kaupasta.

• minä: I
• kauppa: the store
• ruoka: the food
• ostaa: to buy
• -sta: from
• joutua: to have to

Questions & Answers about Minä joudun ostamaan ruokaa kaupasta.

Why is Minä used at the beginning of the sentence? Can it be left out?

In Finnish the verb ending already tells you the subject (joudun = “I …”). So Minä (“I”) is optional and is used here for emphasis or clarity. You could simply say Joudun ostamaan ruokaa kaupasta. and it would still mean “I have to buy food from the store.”

What does the verb joudun mean here?

Joudun is the 1st person singular present of joutua, which literally means “to end up” or “to be forced.” In everyday English we translate joudun here as “I have to” or “I’m forced to.” It adds a nuance of necessity or lack of choice.

Why is the verb ostamaan in the -maan form instead of the basic infinitive ostaa?

When you use joutua + another verb, Finnish requires the third infinitive in illative (the -maan/–mään form). So instead of joutua ostaa, you say joudun ostamaan (“I end up having to buy”).

Why is ruokaa in the partitive case?

Finnish uses the partitive (ending -a/–ä) for:
1) Indefinite quantity (some food, not a whole meal)
2) Objects of actions expressed by an infinitive or ongoing action.
Since you’re buying some food, ruokaa is correct. If you were buying a specific meal you might say ruoan (accusative/genitive).

Why is kaupasta in the elative case? Could you use kaupassa instead?

Kaupasta is elative (“out of/from the store”) and answers “from where?” You buy food from the store.
Kaupassa is inessive (“in the store”) and answers “where?” You could say Ostan ruokaa kaupassa (“I buy food in the store”), but if you want “from the store,” you need kaupasta.

Can I express the same idea with täytyy instead of joutua?

Yes. You can say Minun täytyy ostaa ruokaa kaupasta.
– Minun täytyy (“I must”) is more neutral.
– Joudun ostamaan (“I’m forced to / I end up having to”) is slightly stronger, implying less choice.

What if I mean a specific item of food? Would the case of ruokaa change?

Yes. If it’s a specific item you bought (e.g. “the food [we talked about]”), you would use the accusative/genitive: ruoan.
Example: Joudun ostamaan ruoan kaupasta. (“I have to buy the food from the store.”)