Mas mura ang isda sa palengke ngayon kaysa kahapon.

Mas marks the comparative degree, like more in English.

• mura = cheap
• mas mura = cheaper / more affordable

So mas mura tells you that the price is lower in comparison with something else, which is later introduced by kaysa.

Filipino often does not need a separate present-tense copula like is or are in this kind of sentence.

So instead of saying something literally like Fish is cheaper..., Filipino can simply say:

• Mas mura ang isda...

Here, mas mura functions as the predicate, and ang isda is the topic.

A more formal alternative with ay is possible:

• Ang isda ay mas mura sa palengke ngayon kaysa kahapon.

But in everyday speech, the version without ay is very common and natural.

Ang is a topic marker. It marks the noun phrase that the sentence is about.

In this sentence:

• ang isda = the fish / fish, as the topic of the sentence

It is not exactly the same as English the, even though it is often translated that way. Its main job is grammatical: it tells you which noun phrase is the topic or focus of the clause.

Unmarked nouns in Filipino can be singular, generic, or sometimes understood more broadly from context.

So ang isda here can naturally mean:

• fish in general, as a commodity
• the fish being sold
• fish in the market context, without emphasizing number

If you wanted to clearly emphasize plural fish, you could say:

• ang mga isda

But in a sentence about price, isda without mga sounds very natural.

Sa is a marker used for location, direction, or destination. Here it means at/in.

• sa = at / in / to
• palengke = market, usually a public market or wet market

So sa palengke means at the market.

Palengke often suggests a traditional local market rather than a supermarket.

Filipino word order is fairly flexible, especially with time and place expressions.

In this sentence:

• sa palengke = place
• ngayon = time

This order is perfectly natural:

• Mas mura ang isda sa palengke ngayon kaysa kahapon.

But other arrangements are also possible, for example:

• Ngayon, mas mura ang isda sa palengke kaysa kahapon.
• Mas mura ngayon ang isda sa palengke kaysa kahapon.

The meaning stays basically the same, though the emphasis can shift slightly depending on what comes earlier.

Kaysa means than and introduces the second part of a comparison.

So:

• mas mura ... kaysa kahapon = cheaper ... than yesterday

The sentence is slightly condensed. The full idea is something like:

• Fish is cheaper at the market today than it was yesterday.

Filipino often leaves out repeated material when it is already understood from context, so kaysa kahapon is enough.

With time words like kahapon, Filipino commonly uses kaysa directly.

• kaysa kahapon = than yesterday

You may sometimes see kaysa sa before nouns or noun phrases, especially in other kinds of comparisons, but with kahapon here, kaysa kahapon is the natural form.

So this sentence is normal and idiomatic as written.

Kaysa is the more standard spelling, while kesa is a very common spoken and informal variant.

So these are closely related:

• kaysa = standard / formal writing
• kesa = common informal spelling/pronunciation

In careful writing, kaysa is usually preferred.

Yes. That is a very common alternative structure.

Compare:

• Mas mura ang isda sa palengke ngayon kaysa kahapon.
• Ang isda ay mas mura sa palengke ngayon kaysa kahapon.

Both are correct. The first one is predicate-first, which is very common in Filipino. The second one uses ay and puts the topic first, which can sound a bit more formal or structured.

Mura covers the basic idea of something costing little. Depending on context, it can be translated as:

• cheap
• inexpensive
• low-priced
• sometimes affordable

So in this sentence, mas mura can be understood as cheaper or more affordable, depending on how natural you want the English to sound.

Mostly yes, but palengke often suggests a traditional public market, especially one that sells fresh food like fish, meat, and vegetables.

So in this sentence, palengke gives a very natural cultural picture: fish being sold in a local market. If a learner only thinks of market in a very broad English sense, it is helpful to remember that palengke often feels more specific than that.